化肥减施、有机肥替代对防风产量、品质的影响  

Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer substitution on yield and quality of Saposhnikovia divaricata

作　　者：李琪 王帅[1] 刘芳君[2] 蒋晓翠 杨利民[1] 杨莉[1] LI Qi;WANG Shuai;LIU Fang-jun;JIANG Xiao-cui;YANG Li-min;YANG Li(Co-construction State Key Laboratory Base of Ecological Restoration and Ecosystem Management,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118,China;Changchun Academy of Agricultural Science,Changchun 130118,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学省部共建生态恢复与生态系统管理国家重点实验室培育基地,吉林长春130118 [2]长春市农业科学院,吉林长春130118

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2023年第17期4647-4654,共8页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1710700);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-21);内蒙古自治区重大科技专项(2019ZD005);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210204184YY)。

摘　　要：为探讨道地产区栽培防风适宜的施肥模式,采用田间试验分别考察了有机肥替代(有机肥+氮磷钾配施)与化肥减施(有机肥+氮磷钾减量配施、有机肥+氮磷钾减量配施+生物质炭土壤调理剂)施肥模式下防风产量、品质与土壤质量变化,并采用CRITIC权重法分别对药材品质评价数据集、土壤质量评价数据集进行了综合分析。结果发现(1)有机肥替代模式下防风产量增幅为4.93%~12.67%;化肥减施YHT15处理下增产44.43%,高于有机肥替代模式。(2)2种施肥模式下防风药材质量均高于《中国药典》标准,增施生物质炭有助于药材质量的提高,增幅82.83%~181.54%。CRITIC法分析显示药材品质综合得分较高的施肥处理为YHT15、YH30、YH15。(3)2种施肥模式下土壤质量均高于对照,土壤质量综合得分较高的施肥处理为YHT15、YHT30、YHT。该研究表明添加生物质炭作为土壤调理剂,配施适量有机肥,减施部分化肥的施肥模式是吉林省西部白城地区发展防风种植的适宜方式,其具体施肥方式为:基肥为过磷酸钙361 kg·hm^(-2)+硫酸钾110 kg·hm^(-2)+有机肥82 kg·hm^(-2)+稻壳生物质炭10000 kg·hm-2,以尿素追肥3次,分别为29、29、20 kg·hm^(-2)。To explore the suitable fertilizing pattern for Saposhnikovia divaricata in the genuine producing area,a field trial was carried out to investigate the changes in the yield and quality of medicinal materials and soil in different fertilization patterns,such as organic fertilizer substitution(organic fertilizer+NPK fertilizer)and chemical fertilizer reduction(organic fertilizer+NPK fertilizer decrement and organic fertilizer+NPK fertilizer decrement+soil conditioner).The comprehensive analysis of all treatments was based on the medicine quality evaluation data set and soil quality evaluation data set,respectively,by CRITIC weight method.The results showed that(1)the yield of S.divaricate increased by 4.93%-12.67%under the organic fertilizer substitution mode,and the yield increased by 44.43%under the treatment of chemical fertilizer reduction YHT15,which was higher than that of the organic fertilizer substitution mode.(2)The quality of S.divaricate under the two fertilization modes was superior to the standard in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia,and the application of biochar was helpful to improve the quality of S.divaricate quality,with an increase of 82.83%-181.54%.CRITIC method analysis showed that fertilization treatments with high comprehensive scores were YHT15,YH30,and YH15.(3)Soil quality under the two fertilization modes was higher than that under the control.The fertilization treatments with higher comprehensive scores of soil quality were YHT15,YHT30,and YHT.The fertilization mode of adding biochar as soil conditioner,applying an appropriate amount of organic fertilizer,and reducing part of chemical fertilizer is the appropriate way to develop ecological plantation of S.divaricata in the Baicheng area in the western Jilin province.The specific fertilization mode is as follows.The basic fertilizer was 361 kg·hm^(-2)superphosphate+110 kg·hm^(-2)potassium sulfate+82 kg·hm^(-2)organic fertilizer+10000 kg·hm^(-2)rice husk biochar,and urea was applied as top fertilizer three times,29,29,and 20 kg·hm^(-2),respe

关 键 词：生态种植 生物质炭 CRITIC权重法 土壤质量 药材质量 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培] R284.1[农业科学—作物学]