木霉属真菌诱导根及根茎类中药材抗根腐病的研究及应用进展  

Advances in research and application of Trichoderma for inducing resistance against root rot diseases in root and rhizome of Chinese medicinal materials

作　　者：李阔 王红阳 郭秀芝 张成才 王月枫 郭兰萍[1,2,3] LI Kuo;WANG Hong-yang;GUO Xiu-zhi;ZHANG Cheng-cai;WANG Yue-feng;GUO Lan-ping(State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs,National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China;School of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Key Laboratory of Biology and Cultivation of Herb Medicine,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100700,China)

机构地区：[1]中国中医科学院中药资源中心道地药材品质保障与资源持续利用全国重点实验室,北京100700 [2]广东药科大学中药学院,广东广州510006 [3]农业农村部中药材生物学与栽培重点实验室,北京100700

出　　处：《中国中药杂志》2023年第18期4942-4949,共8页China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(81891014);中国博士后科学基金项目(2022T150730)。

摘　　要：根腐病是大多数中药材种植过程中所面临的一种防治难度较大且损失较为严重的微生物病害,根或根茎类中药材中高达87.6%易患根腐病,严重影响中药材种植产业的发展。木霉属真菌是一类具有生物防控功能的真菌,可诱导植物提升其对微生物病害的抵御能力,同时可促进植物生长,高效减少多种微生物病害对种植造成的损失。而目前木霉属真菌在中药材种植业中使用尚少,故对预防和治理栽培中药材的根腐病有很大的应用潜力。针对上述现状,该文经过比较讨论,认为相较于化学防治、物理防治,生物防治中药材根腐病较为高效且符合我国中药生态种植事业发展需求;该文综述了近十年木霉属真菌在防治栽培根或根茎类中药材根腐病方面的研究及应用进展,发现现阶段针对木霉属真菌防治中药材根腐病的研究大部分止步于验证木霉属真菌菌株抑制病原菌生长的效果,针对木霉属真菌对中药材诱导的效果研究尚浅,多数中药材作物对木霉属真菌的响应机制相关研究更是几乎空白,且大田试验报道较少,距离木霉属真菌应用于生产实践任重而道远。综上,该文旨在承上启下,提倡深化相关研究并将木霉属真菌应用于中药种植。Root rot is a microbial disease that is difficult to control and can result in serious losses in the planting of most Chinese medicinal materials.As high as 87.6%of roots or rhizomes of Chinese medicinal materials are susceptible to root rot,which seriously affects the cultivation development of Chinese medicinal materials.Trichoderma fungi,possessing biological control functions,can induce plants to improve their resistance to microbial diseases,promote plant growth,and effectively reduce the losses caused by various microbial diseases on cultivation.At present,Trichoderma is rarely used in the cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials,so it has great application potential for the prevention and control of root rot diseases in farmed Chinese medicinal materials.Based on the above situation,after comparison and discussion,it is believed that compared with chemical control and physical control,biological control of root rot diseases of Chinese medicinal materials is more efficient and meets the development needs of Chinese medicinal materials ecological planting in China.This paper reviewed the progress in the research and application of Trichoderma in the control of root rot diseases in the root and rhizome of farmed Chinese medicinal materials in the past 10 years and found that most of the current research on the biological control of root rot diseases in Chinese medicinal materials was mostly limited to the verification of the inhibitory effect of Trichoderma strains on the growth of the pathogenic microbes.Studies on the induction effect of Trichoderma on Chinese medicinal materials are not in depth.Studies on the responding mechanisms of most Chinese medicinal materials to Trichoderma are highly absent.Moreover,there are few reports on field experiments,which indicates that there is a long way to go before Trichoderma is widely applied in the farming practice of Chinese medicinal materials.To sum up,this paper aimed to link the present and the future and advocated further relevant research and more experime

关 键 词：木霉属 根腐病 病害防治 根及根茎类中药材 中药生态农业 

分 类 号：S435.67[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]