永磁悬浮技术的实现机理与发展现状  

Realization Mechanism and Development of Permanent Magnetic Levitation:AReview

作　　者：赵川 孙凤[1] 裴文哲 金俊杰[1] 徐方超[1] OKA Koichi 于溯源[3] ZHAO Chuan;SUN Feng;PEI Wenzhe;JIN Junjie;XU Fangchao;OKAKoichi;YU Suyuan(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shenyang University of Technology,Shenyang 110870;Institute of System Engineering,Kochi University of Technology,Kochi,Japan 7828502;Department of Energy and Power Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]沈阳工业大学机械工程学院,沈阳110870 [2]高知工科大学系统工学部,高知日本7828502 [3]清华大学能源与动力工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2023年第17期189-207,共19页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52005345,52005344);国家重点研发计划(2020YFC2006701);辽宁省兴辽英才计划项目(XLYC1905003);辽宁省教育厅项目(LFGD2020002,LJGD2019011);辽宁省重点实验室建设项目(2020JH6/10500048)资助项目。

摘　　要：永磁悬浮技术利用磁体与磁体或铁磁体之间力的作用实现无接触支撑,具有无摩擦、低能耗等显著特点。随着稀土永磁材料的发展,具有高剩磁、高矫顽力、高磁能积的永磁体大幅提高了系统的承载性能,国内外学者相继开展了永磁悬浮技术的研究工作。我国的稀土储量居世界首位,发展永磁悬浮技术具有天然优势和重要意义。首先,明晰了永磁悬浮技术的机理和特点;其次,系统性回顾了永磁被动悬浮和永磁主动悬浮技术的发展历史,并重点阐述了气隙调节式、磁阻调制式、磁源调整式三种永磁主动悬浮系统的磁路结构、悬浮特性及研究现状;再次,分析了磁路设计与优化、磁力精确建模、系统性能与控制方法等技术难点,并提出相应的解决策略;最后,展望了永磁悬浮技术在重力补偿器、轻载微型轴承、低频隔振等领域的未来应用前景及发展趋势。Permanent magnetic levitation technology uses the force between magnet and magnet or ferromagnet to achieve contactless support,which has the outstanding characteristics of no friction and low energy consumption.With the development of rare earth permanent magnet materials,the high remanence,high coercivity and high magnetic energy product improve the load-bearing performance of the permanent magnetic levitation system,which causes scholars have carried out many researches.China has the most reserves of rare earth resources in the world,and the development of permanent magnetic levitation technology has natural advantages and great significance.First of all,the mechanism and characteristics of permanent magnetic levitation technology are clarified.Secondly,the development history of passive levitation and active levitation is systematically reviewed.The magnetic circuit structure,levitation characteristics,and research status of three kinds of permanent magnet active levitation with air gap adjustment,magnetoresistive modulation and magnetic source regulation are described in detail.Thirdly,the technical difficulties such as magnetic circuit design and optimization,magnetic force accurate modeling,performance and control methods are analyzed,and the corresponding solutions are presented.Finally,the future application prospect and development trend of permanent magnetic levitation technology in gravity compensator,light load micro bearing,low frequency vibration isolation and other fields are prospected.

关 键 词：永磁悬浮 磁路设计 机理 发展 综述 

分 类 号：T1[一般工业技术]