无菌动物及其在微生物与宿主互作机制研究中的应用  

Application of germ-free animals in the research on the mechanisms of microorganism-host interactions

作　　者：石伟雄 李雪 朱华 苏磊 秦川 SHI Weixiong;LI Xue;ZHU Hua;SU Lei;QIN Chuan(NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine,Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100021,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,Beijing 100021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院医学实验动物研究所,国家卫生健康委员会人类疾病比较医学重点实验室,北京100021 [2]中国医学科学院北京市人类重大疾病实验动物模型工程技术研究中心,北京100021

出　　处：《微生物学报》2023年第10期3773-3783,共11页Acta Microbiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFF0702900);中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程计划(2021-I2M-1-039,2021-I2M-1-034);农业农村部农业微生物资源收集与保藏重点实验室开放基金(KLMRCP2021-09)。

摘　　要：无菌动物是指通过现代技术手段在其体内外的任何部位均检测不出细菌、真菌、放线菌、支原体、衣原体、螺旋体、立克次氏体、病毒、原生动物和寄生虫的动物。无菌动物因其不携带任何微生物,可转化为携带特定微生物的动物,同时因其免疫系统处于休眠状态,对微生物感染异常敏感,可建立多种悉生动物模型,用于特定微生物感染实验和致病机制研究。此外,无菌动物作为关键工具,是研究菌群与疾病关系的核心,在微生物与宿主健康、疾病和感染机制研究过程中,起着不可替代的作用。本文将对无菌动物及其在微生物与宿主互作机制研究中的应用进行简要综述。Germ-free animals refer to the animals in which bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes,mycoplasma,chlamydia,spirochetes,rickettsia,viruses,protozoa,and parasites cannot be detected in any part of the body and in vitro by modern technologies.Since germ-free animals do not carry any microorganism,they can be modeled into the animals carrying specific microorganisms.Because of the dormant immune system,germ-free animals are extremely sensitive to microbial infections.A variety of gnotobiotic animal models can be established for specific microbial infection experiments and pathogenic mechanism research.As a key tool,germ-free animals are pivotal in studying the relationship between microbiome and diseases and play an irreplaceable role in the research on the relationship between microbiome and host health and the mechnisms of infections.We briefly introduce germ-free animals and review the applications of germ-free animals in the research on the mechanisms of host-microorganism interactions.

关 键 词：无菌动物 肠道微生物 宿主健康 机制 

分 类 号：Q95-33[生物学—动物学]