扩张与限制:“华洋合股”在近代中国的境遇  

Expansion and Restriction:The Circumstances of“Sino-foreign Joint Stock”in Modern China

作　　者：熊昌锟[1] XIONG Chang-kun(Institute of Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Science,Beijing 100833,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院经济研究所,北京100836

出　　处：《河北学刊》2023年第6期123-130,共8页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2019年度国家社会科学基金项目“近代中国外商债券市场研究(1873—1941)”(19BZS113)。

摘　　要：五口通商以后,“华洋合股”的经贸形式在上海等地涌现。不过此种经贸形式缺乏法律约束,导致华洋商事纠纷频繁出现。此类纠纷不仅引起合股双方的诉讼,更引发了国家层面的外交交涉。在中外修订商约的过程中,各国不仅要求“合股”合法化,更企图通过“合股”形式扩大行业和地域限制,包括内河航运、开采矿产、内地设厂等方面的要求。而中国则力图通过与各国交涉以及创建法律体系等方式,对合股的形式、资本、范围加以限制。“华洋合股”既影响了中国工业化的进程,也对民族工业的发展形成了一定障碍。After the five-port trade,the economic and trade form of Sino-foreign joint stocks emerged in Shanghai and other places.Due to the lack of legal constraints in this form of economic and trade,commercial disputes between China and foreign countries occur frequently.It has not only caused litigation between the two partners,but also triggered international negotiations.In the process of revising the trade agreement between China and foreign countries,foreign countries not only require the legalization of“joint stocks”,but also attempt to expand the scope of joint stocks,so as to enter the mainland market and break through the restrictions at trade port,including requirements for inland shipping,mining and setting up factories in the mainland.China restricts the capital and scope of joint stocks through negotiation with other countries and the establishment of commercial law system,so as to safeguard its own interests.In a word,“Sino-foreign joint stocks”both affect the process of industrialization in China and hinder the development of national industry.

关 键 词：华洋合股 修订商约 合股范围 内河航运 内地设厂 

分 类 号：F129[经济管理—世界经济] K251[历史地理—历史学]