基于性别公平视角的中国老龄公共政策评估探究  

Evaluation of Public Policy on Aging in China from the Perspective of Gender Equity

作　　者：陆杰华 张宇昕[2] LU Jie-hua;ZHANG Yu-xin(Center for Social Research,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Department of Sociology,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国社会与发展研究中心,北京100871 [2]北京大学社会学系,北京100871

出　　处：《河北学刊》2023年第6期145-154,共10页Hebei Academic Journal

基　　金：2020年度北京市社会科学基金重大项目“实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略研究”(20ZDA32)。

摘　　要：在人口老龄化加速的宏观背景下,老龄公共政策是指国家或地方针对老年群体的多种特殊需求所制定的一系列社会制度和公共政策的总和。老龄公共政策通常应以老年群体的人口特征及其相应需求为依据而制定和实施。当下,中国老龄社会呈现出鲜明的性别特征,突出表现在老年人口的女性化趋势,老年女性较高的独居概率、较低的经济独立性与较差的健康状况,及其在城乡和年龄维度上的内部分化。然而,相应的老龄公共政策却未对老年群体的性别差异予以充分重视。研究发现,老龄政策中的性别视角较为有限,对老年人的社会参与关注不够,且重效率而轻公平。本研究提出了基于性别公平视角的老龄公共政策评估分析框架,从老年人口生活现状中的性别因素出发,通过考察为老服务、养老保障和老年医保三大领域,探究了老龄公共政策在性别公平方面的突出挑战及其成因。当前,中国老龄政策体系面临着养老照料不充分、经济保障不到位、医疗资源不均衡等现实问题。随着人口老龄化的持续深化,以性别公平视角推动老龄公共政策体系的完善,将有助于改善老年女性的现实处境,并促进性别平等。Under the macro background of accelerated population aging,public policy on aging refers to the sum of a series of social systems and public policies formulated by the state or local for the special needs of the elderly group.Public policies on aging should usually be formulated and implemented based on the demographic characteristics and corresponding needs of the elderly group.Currently in China,the aging society presents distinct gender characteristics,especially in the trend of the increased female proportion in the elderly population,high probability of living alone,low economic independence and poor health status of the aged female,as well as their internal differentiation for those living in urban areas from rural areas or those of different ages.However,the corresponding public policies on aging have not paid enough attention to gender differences in the elderly group.It is found that the gender perspective in aging policies is still limited,paid attention to the social participation of the elderly is insufficient,and the policies focus more on efficiency rather than fairness.This paper proposes an analysis framework of public policy evaluation on aging based on gender equity.Starting from the gender factors in the living situation of the elderly population,this paper explores the prominent challenges and causes of gender equity in public policy on aging,by investigating the three major fields of the nursing service,pension security and medical insurance.At present,the aging policy system faces the practical problems of inadequate nursing service,insufficient economic security and unequal medical resources.With the deepening of population aging,to improve public policy system on aging from the perspective of gender equity will help to improve the aged female’s situation in reality and promote gender equality.

关 键 词：性别公平 老龄公共政策 分性别老年人口特征 政策评估 

分 类 号：C92-03[社会学—人口学]