航海人员健康素养现状调查与代谢性疾病的相关性分析  

Analysis of Correlation Between Health Literacy and Metabolic Diseases in Seafaring Personnel

作　　者：张伟 吴晓青 ZHANG Wei;WU Xiaoqing(The Third Department of Convalescence,Navy Special Service Convalescence Center of Qingdao,Qingdao Shandong266071,China)

机构地区：[1]海军青岛特勤疗养中心疗养三科,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《联勤军事医学》2023年第8期698-702,共5页Military Medicine of Joint Logistics

基　　金：2021年度青岛市医药卫生科研计划项目(2021-WJZD252)。

摘　　要：目的调查航海人员健康素养与代谢性疾病患病现状及其影响因素。方法采用随机分层抽样法抽取210名航海人员作为调查对象。分析航海人员高脂血症、高尿酸血症、脂肪肝等代谢性疾病患病现状及健康素养水平,采用多因素Logistic回归分析代谢性疾病的危险因素。结果210名航海人员代谢性疾病患病率57.14%(120/210)。患单种代谢性疾病患者75名(62.50%),其中脂肪肝患者18名(24.00%)、高尿酸血症患者26名(34.67%)、高脂血症患者29名(38.67%)、高血压患者2名(2.67%),合并两种代谢性疾病患者占37名(30.83%),合并3种代谢性疾病患者占8名(6.67%)。健康素养调查结果显示,航海人员糕点甜食、油炸食物、碳酸饮料摄入频率较高,而蔬菜、水果摄入频率有待提高,均衡饮食率仅为79.52%(167/210),吸烟率高达48.57%(102/210)。多元Logistic回归分析显示,基本知识和理念得分<10分(OR=2.079,95%CI:1.467~3.022)、健康技能得分<30分(OR=2.237,95%CI:1.796~3.233)、吸烟(OR=2.535,95%CI:2.990~4.560)、健康生活方式与行为得分<6分(OR=2.808,95%CI:2.461~3.754)、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)>28 kg/m2(OR=2.835,95%CI:2.508~3.269)、体脂率>25%(OR=2.859,95%CI:2.546~3.791)、腰臀比(waist-to-hip ratio,WHR)>0.80(OR=3.759,95%CI:2.157~4.022)、健康素养总分>60分(OR=4.266,95%CI:2.348~4.311),是航海人员发生代谢性疾病的危险因素。结论航海人员健康素养现状与代谢性疾病发病现状均不乐观,高脂血症、高尿酸血症、脂肪肝是航海人员易患的代谢性疾病,不良饮食习惯、吸烟、体脂率超标、肥胖等是航海人员发生代谢性疾病的独立危险因素。Objective To investigate the health literacy and metabolic disease prevalence of seafaring personnel and its influencing factors.Methods A total of 210 seafaring personnel were selected by random stratified sampling.The prevalence status and health literacy level of metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia,hyperuricemia,fatty liver among sailors were analyzed,and the risk factors of metabolic diseases were analyed by multivariate Logistic regression analysis.Results The prevalence rate of metabolic disease was 57.14%(120/210)in 210 seafaring personnel.75 patients(62.50%)suffered from single metabolic disease,including 18 patients(24.00%)with fatty liver,26 patients(34.67%)with hyperuricemia,29 patients(38.67%)with hyperlipidemia,2 patients(2.67%)with hypertension,37 patients(30.83%)with two metabolic diseases and 8 patients(6.67%)with 3 metabolic diseases.According to the results of the health literacy survey,the frequency of intake of sweets,fried food and carbonated drinks among seafaring personnel was high,while the frequency of intake of vegetables and fruits needed to be improved;the rate of balanced diet was only 79.52%(167/210),and the rate of smoking was as high as 48.57%(102/210).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the score of basic knowledge and concept was<10(OR=2.079,95%CI:1.467-3.022),the score of health skills was<30(OR=2.237,95%CI:1.796-3.233),the score of smoking(OR=2.535,95%CI:2.990-4.560),the score of healthy lifestyle and behavior was<6(OR=2.808,95%CI:2.461-3.754),body mass index(BMI)was>28 kg/m2(OR=2.835,95%CI:2.508-3.269),body fat percentage>25%(OR=2.859,95%CI:2.546-3.791),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR)>0.80(OR=3.759,95%CI:2.157-4.022),the total score of health literacy>60(OR=4.266,95%CI:2.348-4.311),were risk factors for metabolic diseases in seafaring personnel.Conclusion The health literacy status of seafaring personnel and the incidence of metabolic diseases are not promising.Hyperlipidemia,hyperuricemia and fatty liver are metabolic diseases that seafaring personnel are pron

关 键 词：航海人员 代谢性疾病 健康素养 危险因素 疾病预防与控制 

分 类 号：R589[医药卫生—内分泌]