同轴线耦合强电磁脉冲特性及其防护措施的研究  

Characteristics of Coaxial Coupling Nuclear Electromagnetic Pulse and Its Protective Measures

作　　者：李祥超[1] 欧阳文 文巧莉 王兵 陈勇伟 LI Xiangchao;OUYANG Wen;WEN Qiaoli;WANG Bing;CHEN Yongwei(Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Gansu Meteorological Service Center,Lanzhou 730020,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京210044 [2]甘肃省气象服务中心,兰州730020

出　　处：《电瓷避雷器》2023年第5期10-17,共8页Insulators and Surge Arresters

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(项目编号:2017YFC1501505);甘肃省科学技术厅社发类项目《闪电电磁脉冲灾害评估方法及防御措施研究》(编号:1304FKCA070)。

摘　　要：针对同轴线耦合强电磁脉冲产生感应过电压和耦合能量对后端电子设备造成损伤的问题,笔者基于对强电磁脉冲耦合路径及损坏形式的研究,再借助有界波模拟器模拟高空核爆产生核电磁脉冲对同轴线进行耦合试验,通过对同轴线终端耦合到的峰值电压、能量以及频谱的定量分析,进而设计出3级防护电路对线缆终端进行防护。耦合试验结果表明:同轴线耦合强电磁脉冲的波形呈阻尼振荡波形,对数据拟合反推得到强电磁脉冲空间电场强度为50 kV/m时,耦合到的电压峰值在39 V左右,且线缆终端耦合能量量级会对高于一些后端敏感性器件损伤阈值;通过频谱分析发现同轴线耦合频段基本位于0~100 MHz之间,且能量峰值都集中在23 MHz左右。此外根据对耦合试验数据的定量分析,利用仿真软件ADS(Advanced Design System)设计合理的防护电路,再进行防护电路性能测试,测试结果表明设计的防护装置能较好的限制同轴线终端耦合过电压峰值,同时使线缆终端耦合能量能够大量的泄放,研究结果对同轴线的强电磁脉冲防护具有一定的参考意义。Aiming at the problem that the coaxial line coupled with strong electromagnetic pulse generates induced overvoltage and coupling energy to cause damage to the back-end electronic equipment,based on the study of the strong electromagnetic pulse coupling path and damage form,the author uses a bounded wave simulator to simulate high-altitude nuclear explosions.A nuclear electromagnetic pulse is generated to conduct a coupling test on the coaxial line.Through quantitative analysis of the peak voltage,energy and frequency spectrum coupled to the coaxial line terminal,a three-level protection circuit is designed to protect the cable terminal.The results of the coupling test show that the wave form of the strong electromagnetic pulse coupled to the coaxial line presents a damped oscillation waveform.When the spatial electric field intensity of the strong electromagnetic pulse is 50 kV/m,the peak value of the coupled voltage is about 39 V and the cable The coupling energy level of the terminal will be higher than the damage threshold of the back-end sensitive device;through spectrum analysis,it is found that the coaxial line coupling frequency band is basically between 0~100 MHz,and the peak energy is concentrated around 23 MHz.According to the quantitative analysis of the coupling test data,the simulation software ADS(Advanced Design System)is used to design a reasonable protection circuit,and then the protection circuit performance test is carried out.The test results show that the protection device designed can better limit the coupling of the coaxial line terminal.The voltage peak value can also discharge a large amount of the coupling energy of the cable terminal at the same time.The research results have certain reference significance for the protection of the strong electromagnetic pulse of the coaxial line.

关 键 词：同轴线 强电磁脉冲 低通滤波器 耦合过电压 ADS仿真 

分 类 号：TM86[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]