日粮中添加植物精油对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和肠道形态结构的影响  

Impact of plant essential oil supplementation in feed on the growth performance,immune function and intestinal morphological structure of broiler chickens

作　　者：董淑红[1] 贾燕 任春芝 王玉燕[1] DONG Shuhong;JIA Yan;REN Chunzhi;WANG Yuyan(Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering,Xuzhou,Jiangsu Province 221006,China)

机构地区：[1]徐州生物工程职业技术学院,江苏徐州221006

出　　处：《中国饲料》2023年第21期49-52,共4页China Feed

基　　金：徐州市科技计划项目(KC21129)。

摘　　要：为研究日粮中添加植物精油对白羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和肠道形态结构的影响,试验将240只1日龄体重接近的健康白羽肉鸡随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。4个处理组分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组),基础日粮+400 mg/kg(试验Ⅰ组)、600 mg/kg(试验Ⅱ组)和800 mg/kg(试验Ⅲ组)的植物精油(主要成分为茶树精油、肉桂醛和香芹酚),试验为期42 d。研究表明:(1)42日龄时,对照组与试验Ⅰ~Ⅲ组的初始体重、终末体重、平均日增重和料重比均差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的平均日采食量显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组的末重均高于其他各组,料重比低于其他各组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)21日龄时,试验Ⅱ组的脾脏指数显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,Ⅱ组的胸腺指数和法氏囊指数各提高了12.6%和19.3%;42日龄时,整个试验阶段,与对照组相比,添加植物精油对脾脏指数、胸腺指数和法氏囊指数均无显著影响(P>0.05)。(3)42日龄时,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组空肠的绒毛高度提高30.1%(P<0.05),隐窝深度降低21.2%(P<0.05);试验各组的空肠肠壁厚度差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组回肠的绒毛高度和肠壁厚度分别显著提高31.3%和10.4%(P<0.05);添加植物精油对各组隐窝深度无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加植物精油可以提高白羽肉鸡生长性能和免疫功能,保持肠道结构完整性,日粮中复方植物精油的适宜添加水平为600 mg/kg。To investigate the impact of adding plant essential oils to poultry feed on the growth performance,immune function,and intestinal morphology of white leghorn chickens,240 healthy one-day-old chicks with similar initial body weights were randomly divided into four groups.Each group consisted of 6 biological replicates,with 10 chickens per biological replicate.The four groups were as follows:a control group fed a basal diet,experimental group I was fed a basal diet supplemented with 400 mg/kg of plant essential oils(primarily composed of was tea tree oil,cinnamaldehyde,and carvacrol),experimental group II was fed a basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg of the same essential oils,and experimental group III was fed a basal diet supplemented with 800 mg/kg of the essential oils.The study period extended for 42 days.The research findings indicated that:(1)At 42 days of age,there were no significant differences(P>0.05)among the control group and experimental groups I to III in terms of initial body weight,final body weight,average daily weight gain,and feed conversion ratio.The average daily feed intake of experimental group III was significantly higher than that of the control group and group I(P<0.05).Experimental group II had a higher final weight and a lower feed conversion ratio compared to the other groups,but these differences were not significant(P>0.05).(2)At 21 days of age,the spleen index of experimental group II was significantly higher than that of the other groups(P<0.05).Compared to the control group,group II exhibited a 12.6%increase in thymus index and a 19.3%increase in bursa of Fabricius index.At 42 days of age,throughout the entire experimental period,the addition of plant essential oils had no significant impact on the spleen index,thymus index,and bursa of Fabricius index when compared to the control group(P>0.05).At 42 days of age,when compared to the control group,experimental group II showed a 30.1%increase in villus height and a 21.2%decrease in crypt depth in the duodenum(P<0.05).The differen

关 键 词：植物精油 白羽肉鸡 生长性能 免疫功能 肠道形态结构 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]