包膜微量元素对预混合饲料中养分及活性物质的影响  

Effects of coated trace elements on nutrients and active substances in premix feed

作　　者：张浩天 吕鑫莹 冯铸 杨欣[1] ZHANG Haotian;LYU Xinying;FENG Zhu;YANG Xin(Northwest A&F University,College of Animal Science and Technology,Yangling,Shaanxi Province 712100,China;Baoji Muteida Feed Technology Co.,Ltd,Baoji,Shaanxi Province 721400,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]宝鸡牧泰达饲料科技有限公司,陕西宝鸡721400

出　　处：《中国饲料》2023年第21期61-66,共6页China Feed

基　　金：陕西省农业科技创新计划项目[NYKJ-2022-YL(XN)33,NYKJ-2021-YL(XN)29]。

摘　　要：为研究包膜微量元素对预混合饲料中养分及活性物质的影响,在近似生产条件下,采用多元线性回归设计,研究37℃条件下,在1%和4%的0~6周龄蛋鸡预混料和断奶仔猪预混料中添加不同量和来源的微量元素铁、锰、锌和铜,考察其对预混料中养分及活性物质的影响,试验期共45 d。结果表明:未包膜的微量元素添加组活性成分的损失均远高于包膜微量元素添加组;试验前30 d包膜微量元素添加组维生素的损失速度较快,后15 d维生素损失速度逐渐减缓;蛋鸡4%预混料中包膜微量元素添加组在第40天纤维素酶活力的损失率与自然对照组相比降低了2.4%;断奶仔猪4%预混料中包膜微量元素添加组较未包膜处理组在第20天纤维素酶活力损失率提高了2.5%;1%预混料中包膜微量元素添加组在试验前10 d枯草芽孢杆菌和粪肠球菌的存活率快速下降,试验10~30 d两种菌的存活率下降速度减缓,试验30~40 d两种菌的存活率又大幅下降。综上所述,预混料中添加微量元素会对维生素、酶制剂和微生态制剂等活性饲料添加剂产生不同程度的损害,但经过对微量元素进行包膜处理后,可以使储存45 d的维生素损耗降低3%~25%,使储存40 d的酶制剂和微生态制剂损耗降低1%~18%,有效缓解微量元素对预混料中养分及活性物质的影响。The purpose of this paper was to study the effects of coated trace elements on nutrients and active substances in premix feed.Under the approximate production conditions,multiple linear regression design was used to study the effects of adding different amounts and sources of trace elements iron,manganese,zinc,and copper to 1%and 4%premixes for 0~6 week old laying hens and weaned piglets at 37℃on the nutrients and active substances in premixes.The experiment lasted for 45 days.The results showed that the loss of active components in the uncoated trace element addition group was much higher than that in the coated trace element addition group.The vitamin loss rate of the coated microelements adding group was faster 30 days before the experiment,and gradually slowed down 15 days later.Compared with the natural control group,the loss rate of cellulase activity in the 4%premix of laying hens added with coated trace elements decreased by 2.4%on the 40th day.The loss rate of cellulase activity in the 4%premix of weanling piglets with coated trace elements was 2.5%higher than that in the non coated group on the 20th day.The survival rate of Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis in the 1%premix coated trace element addition group decreased rapidly 10 days before the test,the decline rate of the survival rate of the two bacteria slowed down 10 to 30 days after the test,and the survival rate of the two bacteria decreased significantly 30 to 40 days after the test.In conclusion,the addition of trace elements in the premix would cause varying degrees of damage to active feed additives such as vitamins,enzyme preparations,and microecological preparations.However,after the coating treatment of trace elements,the loss of vitamins stored for 45 days could be reduced by 3%~25%,and the loss of enzyme preparations and microecological preparations stored for 40 days could be reduced by 1%~18%,effectively mitigating the impact of trace elements on nutrients and active substances in the premix.

关 键 词：包膜微量元素 预混料 维生素 酶制剂 微生态制剂 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]