相邻采空区诱导冒落处理方案研究及实践  

Research on Induced Caving Treatment Scheme in Adjacent Goafs

作　　者：贾凯跃 安丽萍 谭宝会[1] 梁博 范永亮 李明润 JIA Kaiyue;AN Liping;TAN Baohui;LIANG Bo;FAN Yongliang;LI Mingrun(School of Environment and Resources,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang,Sichuan 621010,China;Jinchuan Group Co.,Ltd.,Jinchang,Gansu 737100,China)

机构地区：[1]西南科技大学环境与资源学院,四川绵阳市621010 [2]金川集团有限公司,甘肃金昌市737100

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2023年第10期21-26,共6页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：西南科技大学博士基金项目(21zx7157)。

摘　　要：地下矿山中遗留采空区对采矿作业具有较大威胁,通常需要及时进行妥善处理。某矿山前期采用阶段矿房法回采时在2610 m水平遗留下两个水平相邻采空区,矿山计划后期改用无底柱分段崩落法开采,需要事先处理这两个采空区以确保崩落法的作业安全。在分析对比各种方案适用性的基础上,提出了诱导冒落处理相邻采空区的技术方案,并计算了采空区的可冒性。计算结果表明,当两个采空区贯通后,采空区的跨度和面积将分别达到100 m和2356 m^(2),超过了临界冒落跨度47.71 m和临界冒落面积1789 m^(2),此时采空区将发生冒落。以此为根据确定出“以矿柱为起始回采点+预留矿石安全垫层”的诱导冒落方案。采用数值模拟方法研究了相邻采空区的诱导冒落发展过程及冒落规律,研究结果表明,在诱导分段率先对空区矿柱进行崩落,两个采空区互相贯通后发生失稳并以拱形向上发生冒落,随着诱导分段不断扩展,采空区一直冒透至地表,顺利的处理相邻采空区,同时形成无底柱分段崩落法的覆盖层。该方案在现场应用后,顺利地实现了采空区处理与覆盖层形成的双重目标,可为类似矿山提供借鉴。The existence of goafs in underground mines is a great threat to mining operations,and it is usually necessary to properly deal with them in time.In the early stage of a mine,two horizontal adjacent goafs were left at the level of 2610 m when the stage room mining method was used.In the later stage,the mine was planned to change to use non-pillar sublevel caving mining.These two goafs need to be treated in advance to ensure the safety of the caving method.Based on the analysis and comparison of the applicability of various schemes,the technical scheme of induced caving treatment of adjacent goafs was proposed,and the cavability of goaf was calculated.The calculation results show that when the two goafs are connected,the span and area of the goaf will reach 100 m and 2356 m^(2)respectively,exceeding the critical caving span of 47.71 m and the critical caving area of 1789 m^(2).At this time,the goaf will fall.Based on this,an induced caving plan of"taking the pillar as the starting mining point and reserving the ore safety cushion"was determined.Then,the numerical simulation method was used to study the induced caving development process and caving law of adjacent goafs.The results showed that the pillar in the goaf was caved firstly in the induced section,and the two goafs were instable and caved upward in the arch shape after connecting.With the continuous expansion of the induced section,the goaf fully penetrated to the surface,and the adjacent goaf was successfully treated.At the same time,the overburden layer for the non-pillar sublevel caving mining was formed.After the field application of the scheme,the dual goals of goaf treatment and overburden formation have been successfully realized,which can provide a reference for similar mines.

关 键 词：采空区 诱导冒落 冒落规律 散体垫层 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TD327.2[矿业工程—矿井建设]