不同土层结构下覆盖型岩溶塌陷试验研究  

Experimental Study on Covered Karst Collapse Under Different Soil Layer Structures

作　　者：王平[1] 张彦文 俞栋华 程爱平[1] 乔宇 WANG Ping;ZHANG Yanwen;YU Donghua;CHENG Aiping;QIAO Yu(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Wuhan University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,Hubei 430081,China;Hubei Industrial Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学资源与环境工程学院,湖北武汉430081 [2]湖北工业建筑集团有限公司,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《矿业研究与开发》2023年第10期100-109,共10页Mining Research and Development

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51604195);湖北省自然科学基金项目(2018CFC818)。

摘　　要：以武汉市蔡甸区四海湾村湖北工建机电科技产业园建设项目岩溶发育区为研究对象,在现场工程勘查的基础上,结合研究区地质环境特征和工程地质资料,设计了物理试验装置。以项目现场的砂土和黏土为试验土体,开展了室内物理模型试验,研究了不同土层条件下的岩溶塌陷形态,以及演化过程中层内土体水平向应变、竖向应变、地表沉降随时间的变化规律。结果表明:不同土层结构下最终的岩溶塌陷形式各不相同,呈现出漏斗形、空腔形、直筒形等形式;层内土体水平向应变和竖向应变的变化与水位的升降、维持稳定的过程在时间上保持一致性,通过各个测点的应变变化可以判断出土层内部岩溶土洞的发育情况;岩溶塌陷对不同土层地表沉降的影响范围不同,黏土层地表塌陷坑直径较大,但对距离溶洞中心较远的地表沉降影响较小,砂土层地表的塌陷坑直径较小,但可以影响到距离中心溶洞较远的地表;塌陷演化过程中,层内土洞的发育同时向上部及水平方向扩展,根据地表沉降和层内各测点的监测数据,可以判断出岩溶塌陷经历了层内土体流失、土洞形成发育和地表塌陷3个演化阶段。研究结果对岩溶塌陷的防治具有实际意义和参考价值。The karst development area of Hubei Engineering and Construction Electromechanical Science and Technology Industrial Park in Sihaiwan Village,Caidian District,Wuhan City was taken as the research object.Based on site engineering exploration,the physical test equipment was designed by combining the geological environment characteristics and engineering geological data of the study area.By taking sand and clay at the project site as test soils,indoor physical model tests were carried out.The collapse forms of karst collapse under different soil layers were studied,as well as the changes of lateral strain,vertical strain and surface settlement of soil in the middle layer with time during the evolution process.The results are concluded as follows.Firstly,the final forms of karst collapse under different soil layer structures are various,showing funnel type,cavity type,straight tube type and so on.Secondly,the changes in lateral and vertical strains in the soil layer are consistent with the fluctuation and maintaining stability of water level over time.The development of karst soil cavity in soil layer can be judged by the strain variation of each measuring point.Thirdly,the influence range of surface subsidence of karst collapse is different in different soil layers.The diameter of the collapse pit in the clay soil layer is large,but it has little influence on the surface subsidence far from the center of the karst cave.The diameter of the collapse pit in the sand soil layer is small,but it can affect the surface subsidence far from the center of the karst cave.Finally,in the process of collapse evolution,the development of soil cavity in the layer expands upward and horizontally at the same time.According to the surface subsidence and the monitoring data of each measuring point in the layer,it can be determined that the evolution of karst collapse has experienced three evolution stages,including soil loss in the layer,formation and development of soil cavity and surface collapse.The research results have a practical

关 键 词：覆盖型岩溶 黏土层 砂土层 物理试验 塌陷演化 

分 类 号：TD873[矿业工程—非金属矿开采] P642.25[矿业工程—矿山开采]