荒漠草原灰钙土与风沙土水分时空特征  

Spatiotemporal characteristics of sierozem and aeolian soil moisture levels in a desert steppe

作　　者：杨霜奇 宋乃平[1,2,3] 王兴[1,2,3] 陈晓莹[4] 常道琴 YANG Shuangqi;SONG Naiping;WANG Xing;CHEN Xiaoying;CHANG Daoqin(College of Ecological Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwestern China,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwestern China of Ministry of Education,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;School of Agricultural,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学生态环境学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态系统恢复国家重点实验室培训基地,宁夏银川750021 [3]西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [4]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2023年第10期1625-1636,共12页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发项目(2019BFG02022)。

摘　　要：受人为和自然因素干扰,宁夏荒漠草原原生灰钙土经过长期沙化,面积逐渐缩小并形成岛状斑块分布在广大风沙土中。为揭示灰钙土沙化后土壤水分时空特征,于2017—2019年生长季内(5—10月)在宁夏盐池县皖记沟村选取大(200~300 m2)、中(约100 m2)、小(约50 m2)面积各3个斑块,分别开展斑块内部灰钙土与其外围风沙土的含水量对比研究。结果表明:(1)从时间上来看,2017年均匀降雨格局使得全年土壤平均含水量最高;2018年全年降雨量略高于2017年,但集中于春季,夏秋季几乎无降雨事件,导致全年土壤含水量均较低;2019年夏季降雨年型使得土壤平均含水量在夏季最高。(2)0~100 cm剖面内灰钙土含水量随土层深度的增加表现出先增加后减少,10~40 cm土层较高;而风沙土含水量随土层深度的增加而增大,0~20 cm土层土壤含水量远低于20~100 cm。0~20cm土层灰钙土含水量大于风沙土,20~100 cm土层灰钙土含水量显著小于(P<0.05)风沙土(2018年中小斑块除外)。除大斑块外围风沙土含水量显著大于(P<0.05)中小斑块外,不同大小斑块之间灰钙土含水量无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)灰钙土0~100 cm土层储水量整体低于风沙土,且同一时间段内变化幅度小于风沙土。当降雨量<16 mm时,两种土壤类型的水分均处于消耗状态;当降雨量在16~25 mm时,灰钙土储水量多于风沙土;但降雨量>25 mm时,风沙土储水量则多于灰钙土。荒漠草原的土壤含水量由降雨量及其分配格局主导,其次是土壤类型。灰钙土和风沙土的含水量不仅在剖面上分布具有明显差异,而且对降雨的响应也有明显的不同。Due to the interference from human activities and natural factors,the primary sierozem area in the Ningxia desert steppe has gradually shrunk due to long-term desertification and formed island patches within the surrounding aeolian soil.To reveal the spatiotemporal characteristics of soil moisture after sierozem desertification,a comparative study was carried out between the large(200-300 m2),medium(approximately 100 m2),and small(approximately 50 m2)sierozem patches and the surrounding aeolian soil in Wanjigou Village,Yanchi County,Ningxia,during the growing season(May to October from 2017 to 2019).The uniform rainfall pattern in 2017 led to the highest annual average soil moisture content.While the annual rainfall in 2018 was slightly higher than that in 2017,it was concentrated in the spring,and there were almost no rainfall events in the summer and autumn,resulting in a low soil moisture content throughout the year.The summer rainfall pattern in 2019 resulted in the highest average soil moisture content during the summer period.The soil moisture content of sierozem in the 0-100 cm soil layer first showed an increase and then a decrease with increases in soil depth and was greatest in the 10-40 cm soil layer.The soil moisture content of the aeolian soil increased with soil depth,and the soil moisture content of the 0-20 cm soil layer was much lower than that of the 20-100 cm layer.The moisture content of sierozem in the 0-20 cm soil layer was greater than that of the aeolian soil,while the moisture content of the sierozem in the 20-100 cm soil layer was significantly lower than that of the aeolian soil(except for small and medium-sized patches in 2018).There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in the soil moisture content of the sierozem between the different patch sizes,except that the soil moisture content of the aeolian soil surrounding the large-sized patches was significantly greater than that of the small and medium-sized patches(P<0.05).The water storage of sierozem in the 0-100 cm soil layer was gener

关 键 词：荒漠草原 土壤水分 土壤类型 降雨变化 土壤储水量 

分 类 号：S812.2[农业科学—草业科学]