有机肥对胡麻籽粒产量及品质的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer on grain yield and quality of flax

作　　者：马兴帮 吴兵 高玉红[1,2] 马伟明[4] 剡斌 王一帆 刘亚辉 崔政军 王海娣 胡亚朋[1] MA Xingbang;WU Bing;GAO Yuhong;MA Weiming;YAN Bin;WANG Yifan;LIU Yahui;CUI Zhengjun;WANG Haidi;HU Yapeng(Agronomy College,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;State Key Laboratory of Arid Habitat Crop Science of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China;College of Life Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dingxi 743000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [4]定西市农业科学研究院,甘肃定西743000

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2023年第5期42-52,62,共12页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项基金(ZCYD-2021-12);甘肃省教育科技创新产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-38);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14-1-16);甘肃农业大学干旱生境作物学重点实验室主任基金课题(GSCS-2020-Z6);甘肃农业大学伏羲杰出人才项目(Gaufx-02J05);国家自然科学基金项目(31760363)。

摘　　要：【目的】为探究提升旱地胡麻籽粒产量和品质的高产绿色栽培技术。【方法】通过田间试验,以陇亚10号和定亚23号胡麻品种为试验材料,不施肥为对照,研究了鸡粪、羊粪和化肥3种不同肥料对旱地胡麻干物质积累与分配规律以及产量和品质的影响。【结果】有机肥能够显著促进胡麻现蕾期-青果期地上部分干物质的积累,协调各器官干物质的分配比例,其中基施16071 kg/hm^(2)羊粪显著增加了胡麻成熟期花果中干物质分配比例,较化肥、鸡粪和对照分别显著增加3.72%、9.59%和24.42%。2个生长季内,胡麻籽粒产量均表现为羊粪>化肥>鸡粪>对照,其中羊粪较鸡粪、化肥和对照分别平均显著高出30.46%、5.62%和37.02%。此外,施用有机肥还能够显著改善胡麻籽粒品质,显著提高胡麻籽粒不饱和脂肪酸含量,其中,16071 kg/hm^(2)羊粪处理下陇亚10号胡麻籽粒亚麻酸含量较化肥显著增加4.71%~19.74%。各生长季内,不同施肥处理下两品种籽粒产量和品质之间均无显著差异。【结论】基施16071 kg/hm^(2)羊粪可以改变胡麻籽粒内碳水化合物积累,促进生殖器官干物质分配比例,进而提高籽粒产量,还可以促进碳水化合物向脂肪的转化,增加籽粒不饱和脂肪酸含量,促进胡麻油酸含量的增加,提高胡麻品质,是旱地胡麻比较适宜的高产兼优质的绿色栽培技术。【Objective】The objective of this study was to investigate green cultivation techniques for achieving high grain yield and quality of oilseed flax in dryland conditions.【Method】A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of three different fertilizers(i.e.,chicken manure,sheep manure and chemical fertilizer)on the accumulation and distribution of dry matter,as well as the grain yield and quality of oilseed flax in dryland.Two varieties,Longya 10 and Dingya 23,were used as experimental materials,with a control group receiving no fertilizer.【Result】The results demonstrated that organic fertilizer significantly promoted the accumulation of dry matter in the aboveground parts of oilseed flax,from the budding stage to the kernel stage.It also coordinated the distribution of dry matter in various organs.Specifically,the application of 16,071 kg/hm^(2) sheep manure as a basal fertilizer significantly increased the distribution of dry matter in flowers and fruits of flax at the maturity stage.This increase was 3.72%,9.59%,and 24.42%higher compared to chemical fertilizer,chicken manure,and the control group,respectively.In both growing seasons,the grain yield of oilseed flax followed the order of chemical fertilizer>sheep manure>chicken manure>control.The grain yield with sheep manure was significantly higher than that with chicken manure,chemical fertilizer,and the control group by 30.46%,5.62%,and 37.02%,respectively.Additionally,the application of organic fertilizer significantly improved the quality of flax seeds by increasing the content of unsaturated fatty acids.Specifically,under the treatment of 16,071 kg/hm^(2) sheep manure,the linolenic acid content of Longya 10 flax seeds increased significantly by 4.71%to 19.74%compared to chemical fertilizer.No significant differences were observed in grain yield and quality between the two varieties under different fertilization treatments in both growing seasons.【Conclusion】The basal application of 16,071 kg/hm^(2) sheep manure altered the accumu

关 键 词：有机肥 胡麻 干物质积累及分配 产量 脂肪酸 

分 类 号：S565.9[农业科学—作物学]