西宁保甲制度之废除及基层人民政权的建立(1949-1950)  

The Abolition of Baojia System in Xining and the Establishment of Grassroots People's Power(1949-1950)

作　　者：王旭臻 Wang Xu-zhen(School of History,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海师范大学历史学院,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《贵阳学院学报（社会科学版）》2023年第5期42-48,共7页Journal of Guiyang University:Social Sciences

摘　　要：中华人民共和国成立前,地方军阀马步芳在青海实施保甲制度,他将保甲制度置于地方施政“六大中心工作”的首位,严密管控基层社会。因此,与其他新解放区不同,中国共产党在西宁解放伊始即面临着无地方党组织、无干部储备、无群众基础、无前期经验等诸多难题。针对1949至1950年西宁市基层建政所具有的自身特点,中国共产党通过三个步骤建立起基层人民政权:第一步,通过接管旧政权,摧毁保甲机构,清理扫除建政障碍;第二步,通过有原则地暂时沿用保甲人员,掌握建政资源;第三步,通过发动组织群众,搭起政权架子,实现各族人民当家作主,完成基层民主建政。Before the founding of the People's Republic of China,Ma Bufang used Baojia system(a kind of feudal neighborhood administrative system)as an important means to rule Qinghai,and placed this system at the top of his"Six Central Tasks"of local governance to tightly controlled the grassroots society.Therefore,different from other newly liberated areas,the CPC faced many difficulties before the liberation of Xining,such as the lack of local party organizations,cadre reserves,a mass base,or prior experience.In view of the characteristics of Xining's grass-roots government-building between 1949 and 1950,the CPC adopted a"three-step"strategy to establish people's power at the grass-roots level.The first step is the primary prerequisite,which means to clear the obstacles to government-building by taking over the old regime and destroying Baojia institutions.The second step is intermediate transition,which means to obtain government-building resources through temporary and principled use of Baojia personnel.The third step is the final goal,which means the establishment of the framework of the regime,through mobilizing and organizing the masses,to realize power of people from all ethnic groups and to complete the building of democracy at the grassroots.

关 键 词：保甲制度 保甲长 基层人民政权 青海 

分 类 号：D232[政治法律—政治学] K27[政治法律—中共党史]