中国稻虾种养:产业现状与绿色高质量发展对策  

Rice-crayfish farming in China:Current industry status and strategies for the further development of high-quality green farming

作　　者：陈松文 曹凑贵[1] 郝向举[2] 窦志 高辉[3] 朱建强[4] 符家安[5] 汤亚斌 刘娟 CHEN Song-wen;CAO Cou-gui;HAO Xiang-ju;DOU Zhi;GAO Hui;ZHU Jian-qiang;FU Jia-an;TANG Ya-bin;LIU Juan(College of Plant Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China;National Fisheries Technology Extension Center,Beijing 100125,China;College of Agriculture,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225009,China;College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434000,China;Qianjiang Agro-Technology Extension Center,Qianjiang,Hubei 433100,China;Hubei Fisheries Technical Extension Station,Wuhan,Hubei 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]全国水产技术推广总站,北京100125 [3]扬州大学农学院,江苏扬州225009 [4]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434000 [5]潜江市农业技术推广中心,湖北潜江433100 [6]湖北省水产技术推广总站,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2023年第4期575-587,共13页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32272230);广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2021B0202030002)。

摘　　要：稻虾种养,是中国稻渔综合种养面积第一大模式,在稳定国家粮食安全、推动农业提质增效、引领农业绿色发展、助力农民增产增收等方面发挥了重要作用。本文在梳理中国稻虾种养产业现状的基础上,总结稻虾种养产业发展模式,分析稻虾种养产业面临困境,提出促进稻虾绿色高质量发展的对策建议。研究表明,我国稻虾种养仍然处于政策环境良好、发展动力很足的战略机遇期,稻虾种养面积和产量稳步增加,区域稻虾生产方式特色明显,稻虾米和小龙虾产业化水平不断提升。中国稻虾种养区域主要分布在沿江环湖平原和低山丘岗库区的周边。中国稻虾产业发展过程中形成了以小龙虾全产业链发展、稻虾“双水双绿”发展、稻虾米产业链发展、小龙虾三产融合发展、无环沟稻虾生态种养发展等为代表的五种产业发展模式。但也存在着水稻与小龙虾发展不协同、理论技术落后生产实际、稻虾产业体系有待健全、政策保障举措亟需完善等问题。因此,推动中国稻虾绿色高质量发展战略转型,需要以科学规划引领稻虾产业规范协同发展、以科技创新助力稻虾产业转型升级、以三产融合实现高质量发展促进乡村振兴、以政策完善保障稻虾持续健康发展。Rice-crayfish farming is the most extensive form of integrated farming of rice and animal aquaculture in China,and has played an important role in ensuring national food security,improving agricultural quality and efficiency,and setting an example for the development of green agriculture,as well as helping farmers increase their production and income.Based on the understanding the developmental status of the rice-crayfish industry in China,this paper analyzes the difficulties that the industry face,summarizes the industrial development of the rice-crayfish model,and puts forward suggestions for the development of green and high-quality rice-crayfish farming.Results show that the rice-crayfish industry in China is still in a period of strategic opportunity with a favorable policy environment and strong developmental momentum.Both the area and production of rice-crayfish farming are increasing steadily.Rice-crayfish farming in China is mainly located in the plains along rivers and lakes and around low hills and reservoirs.There are five main models for the development of the rice-crayfish industry in China,including the developmental model of the entire industrial chain of crayfish,the model applied to“Shuangshui Shuanglü”,the model of the industrial chain of rice produced by the rice-crayfish farming,the industry integration model for crayfish,and the model involving the ecological planting and breeding of both rice and crayfish without annular culturing channels.However,there are also some problems.For example,the development of the rice and crayfish industries is not synergistic,theoretical and technological innovation cannot keep up with the speed with which rice-crayfish farming is developing,the rice-crayfish industry requires further improvement,and measures surrounding policy guarantees require an urgent improvement.In order to promote both green and high-quality developmental strategies for the transformation of the rice-crayfish industry in China,this paper suggests:guiding the standardized and coord

关 键 词：稻虾种养 产业现状与困境 产业发展模式 产业转型升级 绿色高质量发展 对策建议 

分 类 号：S-01[农业科学]