红壤稻田复种方式对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮的影响  

The effect of cropping patterns on soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in reddish paddy soil

作　　者：陈明君 盛荣[2,3] 张文钊[2,3] 侯海军[2,3] 魏文学[2,3] 葛体达[2,3] 王澍[1] CHEN Ming-jun;SHENG Rong;ZHANG Wen-zhao;HOU Hai-jun;WEI Wen-xue;GE Ti-da;WANG Shu(College of Landscape and Horticulture,Southwest Forestry University/Southwest Landscape Architecture Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming,Yunnan 650224,China;Taoyuan Agro-Ecology Research Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China;Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changsha,Hunan 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学园林园艺学院/国家林业和草原局西南风景园林工程技术研究中心,云南昆明650224 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,中国科学院桃源农业生态试验站,湖南长沙410125 [3]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2023年第4期692-700,共9页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：湖南省重点研发计划项目(2022NK2010);国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0200307)。

摘　　要：明确红壤稻田不同复种方式土壤微生物生物量碳(Microbial Biomass Carbon,MBC)和生物量氮(Microbial Biomass Nitrogen,MBN)含量的变化可为红壤稻田种植结构优化和土壤质量提升提供基础数据和参考依据。以红壤稻田复种方式长期定位试验(2012年开始)为研究对象,设早稻-晚稻-冬闲(DR,对照)、中稻-冬闲(MR)、中稻-油菜(MRR)和中稻-白露菜-油菜(MRPR)等4种复种方式,分别在油菜苗期(1月)、油菜成熟期(5月)、中稻成熟期(9月)和晚稻成熟期(11月)采集耕层(0~15 cm)土壤样品,分析土壤化学性质、MBC和MBN含量及微生物量碳氮计量比等指标,探讨不同复种方式对红壤稻田MBC和MBN的影响。结果显示,复种方式和取样时间均显著影响土壤化学性质、MBC和MBN含量及其计量比。与DR相比,中稻复种方式(MR、MRR和MRPR),尤其是MRR和MRPR显著(P<0.05)降低了土壤MBC和MBN含量,并改变了微生物量碳氮计量比。同时,中稻复种方式还显著(P<0.05)降低了土壤可溶性有机碳含量和提高了土壤速效磷含量,但对其他土壤化学性质的影响取决于取样时间。Spearman相关分析表明,土壤MBC含量与可溶性有机碳含量呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关,MBN含量与可溶性有机碳和铵态氮呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关。研究表明,红壤双季稻田转变为中稻-冬闲、中稻-油菜或中稻-白露菜-油菜均可降低土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量,应适当调整中稻复种方式和优化施肥等农学措施,提高土壤微生物生物量,维持红壤稻田可持续生产。The purpose of this research was to clarify the differences in soil microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and nitrogen(MBN)contents as affected by different cropping patterns in reddish paddy soil,thereby provided a basic data for future optimization of cropping patterns and improvement of soil quality.A long-term field experiment(started from 2012)was conducted,including early rice-late rice-winter fallow(DR,as control),midseason rice-winter fallow(MR),midseason rice-oilseed rape rotation(MRR),and midseason rice-pakchoi-oilseed rape rotation(MRPR).The soil samples(0~15 cm)were collected randomly in each plot in January,May,September,and November,respectively.The MBC and MBN contents,ratio of MBC to MBN,and soil chemical properties were analyzed.The results showed that both cropping pattern and soil sampling time significantly influenced MBC and MBN contents and their ratio.Compared with DR,the cropping patterns with midseason rice(MR,MRR,and MRPR),especially for MRR and MRPR,significantly(P<0.05)lowered the MBC and MBN contents,and changed the ratio of MBC to MBN.Meanwhile,the cropping patterns with midseason rice significantly(P<0.05)increased soil available phosphorus content but decreased dissolved organic carbon,and their effects on other soil chemical properties mainly depended on soil sampling time.The correlation analysis of Spearman showed that the MBC content was significantly(P<0.05)correlated with the content of soil dissolved organic carbon,while the MBN content was significantly correlated with soil dissolved organic carbon and NH4+-N contents.In summary,the changes from double cropping rice to cropping patterns with midseason rice in reddish paddy field lowered the MBC and MBN contents,hence effective agronomical approaches,such as optimizing cropping pattern and fertilization regime,should be applied to improve soil microbial biomass and maintain sustainable production of reddish paddy field.

关 键 词：红壤稻田 中稻复种方式 微生物生物量碳 微生物生物量氮 可溶性有机碳 

分 类 号：S154.1[农业科学—土壤学] S344.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]