2011-2022年陕西省人群黑热病流行特征分析  

Epidemic characteristics of kala-azar in Shaanxi Province from 2011 to 2022

作　　者：张路钱 李欣欣 年云鹏 宁少奇 曹磊[1] Zhang Luqian;Li Xinxin;Nian Yunpeng;Ning Shaoqi;Cao Lei(Institute for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control,Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an 710000,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西省疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,西安710000

出　　处：《中华地方病学杂志》2023年第9期727-729,共3页Chinese Journal of Endemiology

基　　金：陕西省卫生应急作业平台建设项目(2020PT-030)。

摘　　要：目的了解陕西省人群黑热病流行特征,为制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据。方法收集2011-2022年中国疾病预防控制信息系统监测报告管理系统报告的现住址为陕西省的黑热病确诊病例和临床诊断病例信息,对各年发病数做趋势性分析,并通过描述性流行病学方法分析黑热病病例发病时间、地区、人群分布特征以及发病至确诊时间间隔。结果2011-2022年陕西省共报告黑热病病例225例,发病数整体呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=98.50,P<0.001),2020年发病数最多(42例)。发病时间主要集中在3-5月(77例,34.22%)。报告发病数前3位的地区分别为韩城(65例,28.89%)、商洛(47例,20.89%)和渭南市(44例,19.56%)。男、女性别比为1.74∶1.00(143/82),发病年龄主要集中在36~60岁年龄组(111例,49.33%),职业以农民为主(150例,66.67%)。发病至确诊时间间隔中位数为11 d,78.22%(176/225)的病例在1个月内确诊。结论2011-2022年陕西省黑热病发病数整体呈上升趋势,发病人群以中年男性农民为主,发病地区主要为韩城、商洛和渭南市,亟需针对重点人群、重点地区加强黑热病的监测与防控工作。Objective To study the epidemic characteristics of kala-azar in Shaanxi Province,and to provide scientific basis for formulating effective prevention and control measures.Methods Information of kala-azar confirmed cases and clinically diagnosed cases whose current addresses were reported in Shaanxi Province in the Surveillance Report Management System of China Disease Control and Prevention Information System from 2011 to 2022 was collected.Trend analysis was made on the number of cases in each year,and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the onset time,regional and population distribution characteristics and the time interval from onset to diagnosis of kala-azar cases.Results A total of 225 kala-azar cases were reported in Shaanxi Province from 2011 to 2022,and the number of cases showed an increasing trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=98.50,P<0.001),with the highest number in 2020(42 cases).The onset time was mainly from March to May(77 cases,34.22%).The top three cities with the number of reported cases were Hancheng(65 cases,28.89%),Shangluo(47 cases,20.89%)and Weinan cities(44 cases,19.56%).The male to female ratio was 1.74∶1.00(143/82),the age of onset was mainly concentrated in the age group of 36-60 years old(111 cases,49.33%),and the occupation was mainly farmers(150 cases,66.67%).The median interval from onset to diagnosis was 11 days,and 78.22%(176/225)of the cases were diagnosed within 1 month.Conclusions From 2011 to 2022,the overall incidence of kala-azar in Shaanxi Province has showed an upward trend,with the main population being middle-aged male farmers.The main affected areas are Hancheng,Shangluo and Weinan cities.It is urgent to strengthen the surveillance and prevention and control of kala-azar in key populations and key regions.

关 键 词：黑热病 流行特征 三间分布 

分 类 号：R531.6[医药卫生—内科学] R181.3[医药卫生—临床医学]