多种刀具高速脆性切削纯铁切削性能研究  

Study on the cutting performance of pure iron in ultra-high speed cutting with various tools

作　　者：刘永龙 苏国胜[1] 赵猛 刘义 LIU Yonglong;SU Guosheng;ZHAO Meng;LIU Yi(Faculty of Mechanical Engineering,Qilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences),Jinan 250353,China)

机构地区：[1]齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院)机械工程学部,山东济南250353

出　　处：《齐鲁工业大学学报》2023年第5期1-11,共11页Journal of Qilu University of Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51675289,52075275)。

摘　　要：在工件材料塑性应力波波速阶段脆性切削工件,可以避免材料因软黏性大而产生的难断屑、应变硬化、黏刀等问题。选用硬质合金刀具、陶瓷刀具和立方氮化硼(PCBN)刀具高速(线速度高达8000 m/min)脆性切削纯铁,观察各类刀具切削后刀具的磨损情况、切削力和已加工表面质量。结果表明:3种刀具中,硬质合金刀具磨损最为严重,其次是PCBN刀具,陶瓷刀具磨损最小。硬质合金刀具后刀面发生剧烈的磨粒磨损,PCBN前刀面出现月牙洼磨损,在月牙洼内充满高温熔化物和脆性断裂碎片,陶瓷刀具无明显磨损特征,但前、后刀面上有大量的工件黏附。相比于硬质合金和PCBN刀具,陶瓷刀具加工的加工表面缺陷较少,有极少的侧向流动,粗糙度和硬化层最小,是高速切削纯铁比较理想的刀具材料。During the plastic stress wave velocity stage of the workpiece material,brittle cutting of the workpiece can avoid problems such as difficult chip breaking,strain hardening,and tool sticking caused by the high soft viscosity of the material.In this paper,carbide tools,ceramic tools and cubic boron nitride(PCBN)tools are used to cut pure iron at high speed(linear speed up to 8 000 m/min),and the wear,cutting force and machined surface quality of the tools after cutting are observed.The results show that among the three kinds of tools,the carbide tools wear is the most serious,followed by the PCBN tools wear,ceramic tool wear is the least.Severe abrasive wear occurs on the flank face of carbide tool,and the rake face of PCBN tool shows crescent depression wear,which is full of high temperature melts and brittle fracture fragments.Ceramic tools have no obvious wear characteristics,but there is a lot of workpiece material adhesion on the rake face and flank faces.Compared with carbide and PCBN tools,ceramic tool machining workpiece machining surface has less defects,minimal lateral flow,minimum roughness and hardening layer,the ceramic tool is an ideal tool material for high-speed cutting of pure iron.

关 键 词：多种刀具 纯铁 高速切削 刀具磨损 切削力 表面质量 

分 类 号：TH161[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG113[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]