梨火疫病抗性鉴定方法的比较及抗病砧木种质的筛选  

Comparison of Methods for Identification of Resistance to Pear Fire Blight and Screening of Resistant Rootstock Germplasm

作　　者：蒋媛 位杰 王岩 崔龙 谢宏江 李永丰 JIANG Yuan;WEI Jie;WANG Yan;CUI Long;XIE Hongjiang;LI Yongfeng(Agricultural Scientific Institute of 2nd Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Tiemenguan,Xinjiang 841005)

机构地区：[1]新疆生产建设兵团第二师农业科学研究所,新疆铁门关841004

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第19期29-35,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”培养计划资助项目;兵团财政科技计划资助项目(2022CB005-01,2023AB004-03);第二师铁门关市科技计划资助项目(2021NYGG01)。

摘　　要：以杜梨容器苗为试材,采用浸渍法、针刺法和喷雾法3种人工接种方法,通过调查发病时间、发病率、病情指数,比较不同接种方法下杜梨接种效果,筛选梨火疫病菌接种的适宜方法,并优化最佳接种方法的接种浓度,以期筛选梨火疫病准确快速的鉴定方法和了解不同砧木种质对梨火疫病的抗性水平。结果表明:3种接种方法的发病率和病情指数均表现为幼苗浸渍法>幼苗喷雾法>幼苗针刺法,调查感抗情况的最短天数依次为7~9、12~33、33~38 d。幼苗浸渍法接种发病速率最快、均匀度好、操作简便,能有效缩短接种时间,提高接种效率。菌液OD600值为1.2时,发病率和病情指数随时间变化比较稳定,波动幅度相对较小,可作为幼苗浸渍法较适宜的接种浓度。在此基础上对收集的5份不同来源地的杜梨种质进行苗期火疫病接种鉴定,结果表明5份种质均表现为感病或高感,抗病杜梨砧木资源仍需要进一步挖掘。Taking container seedling of Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge as test material,three kinds of artificial inoculation methods were used,namely dipping method,needle inoculation method and spray method,to investigate the time of incidence,incidence rate and disease index,compare the inoculation effect of Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge under different inoculation methods,screen the suitable method of pear fire blight inoculation and optimize the inoculum concentration for the best inoculation method,in order to screen the accurate and rapid identification method of pear fire blight and understand the resistance level of different rootstock germplasm to pear fire blight.The results showed that the incidence rate and disease index of the three inoculation methods were as follows,seedling dipping method>seedling spraying method>seedling needling method,and the shortest days for investigating the susceptibility and resistance were 7-9 days,12-33 days and 33-38 days.The seedling dipping method had the fastest incidence rate,good uniformity and easy operation,which could effectively shorten the inoculation time and improve the inoculation efficiency.When the ODoo value of the bacterial solution was 1.2,the incidence rate and disease index were stable over time with relatively small fluctuations,which could be used as a suitable inoculation concentration for the seedling dipping method.On this basis,five collections of Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge germplasm from different sources were identified by inoculation against fire blight at the seedling stage.The results showed that all the five germplasm were susceptible or highly susceptible to the disease,and the Pyrus betulaefolia Bunge rootstock resources of disease-resistant need to be further explored.

关 键 词：火疫病 鉴定方法 接种浓度 抗病砧木 筛选 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]