铜胁迫对苹果幼苗根际土壤养分、酶活性及微生物的影响  

Effects of Copper Stress on Soil Nutrients,Enzyme Activities and Microorganisms in the Rhizosphere of Apple Seedlings

作　　者：李芙蓉 尹娇阳 于波 何佳丽[1] 秦嗣军[1] 吕德国[1] LI Furong;YIN Jiaoyang;YU Bo;HE Jiai;QIN Sijun;LYU Deguo(College of Horticulture,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang,Liaoning 110866)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,辽宁沈阳110866

出　　处：《北方园艺》2023年第19期71-77,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：辽宁省兴辽英才计划-青年拔尖人才资助项目(XLYC1907105);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资助项目(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：以“寒富”/“GM256”/“山定子”一年生嫁接苗为试材,采用盆栽法,研究了不同浓度铜(Cu)处理对植株根际土壤速效养分、酶活性和微生物活性的影响,以期为土壤质量评价以及采用生物学指标预警土壤Cu污染提供参考依据。结果表明:随着Cu处理浓度的增加,根际土壤有效Cu含量随之增加,土壤pH呈现降低趋势。低浓度(30~200 mg·kg^(-1))的外源Cu处理对土壤有机质(SOM)及溶解性有机碳(DOC)含量影响不大,但高浓度(350、500 mg·kg^(-1))的Cu处理使SOM及DOC含量显著降低;土壤碱解氮、速效磷及速效钾含量呈现与二者类似的变化趋势。土壤脲酶、脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性随外源Cu处理浓度的增加明显降低。土壤有效Cu含量与土壤养分及土壤酶活性呈极显著负相关。高浓度的Cu胁迫降低了微生物群落的代谢活性,抑制了土壤微生物对碳源的利用,破坏了土壤微生物的均一性,使微生物群落代谢结构产生改变。Taking‘Hanfu'‘GM256'Malus baccata Borkh.grafted seedlings as test materials,the effects of different concentrations of copper(Cu)treatments on the soil nutrients,enzyme activities and microbial activities in the rhizosphere soil were studied,in order to provide reference for soil quality evaluation and using biological indicators to warn soil Cu pollution.The results showed that as the concentration of Cu treatment increased,the available Cu contents in the rhizosphere soil increased accordingly,but the pH value of the soil decreased.Low concentration of exogenous Cu treatments(30-200 mg·kg^(-1))had little effects on the content of soil organic matter(SOM)and dissolved organic carbon(DOC),but high concentration of Cu treatments(350,500 mg·kg^(-1))significantly reduced the content of SOM and DOC.The content of available nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in soil showed a similar trend to these two indexes.The activities of soil urease,dehydrogenase,and alkaline phosphatase decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of exogenous Cu treatments.The available Cu contents of soil was significantly negatively related with soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities.High concentration of Cu stress reduced the metabolic activity of the microbial community,inhibited the utilization of carbon source by soil microorganisms,destroyed the uniformity of soil microorganisms,and changed the metabolic structure of the microbial community.

关 键 词：铜 土壤养分 酶活性 微生物 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]