基于增材制造的异种金属一体化成形关键问题  

Key Issues of Integrated Forming of Dissimilar Metals Based on Additive Manufacturing

作　　者：张百成 王泳翔 曲选辉 ZHANG Baicheng;WANG Yongxiang;QU Xuanhui(Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering,Advanced Material&Technology Institute,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Beijing Laboratory of Metallic Materials and Processing for Modern Transportation,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学新材料技术研究院北京材料基因工程高精尖创新中心,北京100083 [2]现代交通金属材料与加工技术北京实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《航空制造技术》2023年第18期36-50,共15页Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology

摘　　要：随着航空航天技术的发展关键部件性能需求逐渐提高,单一材料部件已经无法满足严苛服役条件下的性能需求,而异种金属材料的直接近净成形制备是航空航天、国防及军工等关键领域研究的重点方向。目前传统异种金属材料制备面临加工工艺与材料物性匹配问题、界面缺陷控制以及一体化成形困难等诸多瓶颈,利用增材制造技术制备异种金属部件成为材料成形及增材制造领域的重要发展方向。本文介绍了定向能量沉积、激光选区熔化和电子束熔化在异种金属增材制造中的研究现状,对粉末铺放工艺、高能束与粉层适配性、全互溶合金析出相控制、非互溶材料高能束连接问题及界面成分分布控制进行了梳理与总结,并提出了解决方法。最后,对异种金属增材制造在航空航天领域的未来发展方向进行了展望。With the development of aerospace technology,the performance requirements for key components have been gradually increasing.And single material components are no longer able to meet the performance demands under harsh operating conditions.Therefore,direct near-net shaping of dissimilar metal materials has become a key research direction in aerospace,defense,and military industries.Currently,conventional methods for preparing dissimilar metal materials still face challenges such as processing technique and material property compatibility,interface defect control,and difficulties in achieving integrated shaping.The use of additive manufacturing technology for the fabrication of dissimilar metal components has emerged as an important direction of development in the field of material forming and additive manufacturing.The research status of directed energy deposition,selective laser melting and electron beam melting in the additive manufacturing of dissimilar metals is presented in this paper.An overview and summary are provided with powder deposition processes,compatibility between high energy beam and powder layers,control of fully miscible alloy precipitation phases,joining of immiscible materials using high energy beam,and control of interface composition direction.Additionally,potential solutions to these challenges are proposed.Finally,the future development direction of dissimilar metal additive manufacturing in the aerospace field are prospected.

关 键 词：增材制造 异种金属材料 定向能量沉积 选区激光熔化 电子束熔化 

分 类 号：V26[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程] V46