重新审视深层油气成藏模式:以塔里木盆地为例  

Deep petroleum accumulation models revisited:Case studies from the Tarim basin

作　　者：刘可禹[1,2,3] 杨鹏 杨海军 刘建良[1,2] 宋雅雅 魏心卓 LIU Keyu;YANG Peng;YANG Haijun;LIU Jianliang;SONG Yaya;WEI Xinzhuo(National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao,Shandong 266580,China;School of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(East China),Qingdao,Shandong 266580,China;Laoshan Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266071,China;PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company,Korla,Xinjiang 841000,China)

机构地区：[1]深层油气全国重点实验室(中国石油大学(华东)),山东青岛266580 [2]中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,山东青岛266580 [3]崂山实验室海洋矿产资源评价与探测技术功能实验室,山东青岛266071 [4]中国石油塔里木油田公司,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《地质学报》2023年第9期2820-2841,共22页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家深地重点研发项目(编号2019YFC0605501);国家自然科学基金项目(编号92055204,41821002);中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(编号XDA14010401);中石油集团公司重大科技项目(编号ZD2019-183-01-04)联合资助的成果。

摘　　要：近年来,随着油气勘探不断向深层—超深层领域拓展,深层展现出了巨大的油气勘探潜力,同时也在成烃-成储-成藏等方面浮现出一系列科学问题。本文在广泛调研国内外相关研究的基础上,梳理了深层油气成藏环境和生、储、盖成藏要素的特殊性,重点讨论了深层油气藏在形成与演化过程中需要深入关注的四个基本问题:(1)深层中的油气生成、储集空间形成、油气相态和运移等研究,均需要以物质守恒和能量守恒基本定律为前提开展;(2)深层经历了盆地演化全过程,需要从动态演化角度研究油气成藏;(3)需要探索新的实验方法,加大对深层液态烃稳定性与保存深度下限的研究;(4)注重多学科融合与多技术交叉,解决深层复杂的地质问题。在此基础上,提出了深层油气藏最为可能的两种成藏模式:(1)中—浅层油成藏、深埋保持型;(2)长期浅埋、晚期快速深埋(凝析)气成藏型。以塔里木盆地台盆区顺北地区和库车坳陷博孜—大北地区为研究对象,应用储层地球化学分析、流体包裹体系列分析技术、方解石原位U-Pb定年技术和盆地模拟技术,对两个地区油气成藏模式进行研究。结果表明:顺北地区奥陶系深层油气藏为“早期中—浅层成藏、后期持续深埋保存”的成藏模式,油气成藏后相对稳定的构造背景是油气藏能保持至今的关键因素;博孜地区白垩系现今超深层天然气藏的形成主要发生在深层至超深层,“长期浅埋、晚期快速深埋”的构造-埋藏演化背景是该类型深层油气藏形成的关键,进一步佐证了深层油气藏的两种成藏模式。研究成果在深化深层油气成藏理论认识和指导深层油气勘探方面具有一定意义。The progressive expansion of oil and gas exploration to the deep and ultra-deep strata suggests a great potential in deep parts of petroliferous basins for oil and gas exploration.A number of scientific issues have also emerged including hydrocarbon generation,reservoir development and hydrocarbon accumulation in the deep and ultra-deep strata.On the basis of extensive literature review,this paper elaborates upon the unique environments for deep oil and gas accumulations and factors controlling the deep source,reservoir and cap rock formation,and focuses on four fundamental issues that need to be paid more attention in studying the formation and evolution of deep and ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs:①research on oil and gas generation,reservoir storage space formation,oil and gas phase behavior and hydrocarbon migration in deep strata needs to be carried out on the premise of the basic laws of material balance and energy conservation;②the deep strata has experienced the entire basin evolution process from shallow to deep;it is thus necessary to study oil and gas accumulation from the perspective of dynamic evolution;③it is necessary to explore new experimental methods and enhance our understanding on the stability of liquid hydrocarbons in deep basin and their maximum preservation depth(temperature);④more attention needs to paid to the integration of multidiscipline and intersecting multiple technologies to unravel deep and complex geological issues.Two possible reservoir forming models for deep and ultra-deep reservoirs are proposed:①middle-shallow depth emplacement and deep-burial preservation type;②prolonged shallow burial and rapid late-stage deep burial(condensate)gas accumulation type.Taking the Shunbei area in the central carbonate platform of the Tarim basin and the Bozi-Dabei area in the Kuqa depression as two typical examples,oil and gas accumulation in the two areas were studied using reservoir geochemical analysis,a suite of fluid inclusion analysis techniques,in-situ calcite U-Pb geochro

关 键 词：深层油气成藏模式 成藏年代学 流体包裹体 盆地模拟 塔里木盆地 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]