褶皱冲断带物理模拟实验研究进展  

Physical modelling experiments of fold-thrust belts:A review based on previous and new experimental models

作　　者：贾东[1] 杨树锋[2,4] 尹宏伟[1] 李一泉[3] 吴晓俊[1] 解国爱[1] 励音骐[4] JIA Dong;YANG Shufeng;YIN Hongwei;LI Yiquan;WU Xiaojun;XIE Guoai;LI Yinqi(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China;School of Earth Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310058,China;School of Geography and Ocean Science,Nanjing University,Nangjing,Jiangsu 210023,China;Hypergravity Research Center,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学地球科学与工程学院,江苏南京210023 [2]浙江大学地球科学学院,浙江杭州310058 [3]南京大学地理与海洋学院,江苏南京210023 [4]浙江大学超重力研究中心,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《地质学报》2023年第9期2896-2913,共18页Acta Geologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重大科研仪器研制项目(编号41927802);国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(编号U22B6002);国家自然科学基金项目(编号42171001,41972219,41572187)联合资助的成果。

摘　　要：褶皱冲断带油气资源丰富,统计表明全球探明油气储量约14%分布在褶皱冲断带。自从1815年地质学家第一次以模拟实验的方式验证了褶皱形成于岩层遭受水平挤压变形的二百多年来,针对褶皱冲断带的物理模拟实验研究无疑是最卓有成效的研究领域方向之一。本文从追溯早期模拟实验先驱,到近二十年来国内外相关研究进展综述,着重分析和评述物理模拟实验研究对于前陆褶皱冲断带构造理论发展的主要贡献。强调造山带临界楔体理论以及基底滑脱层强度、流体超压和变形岩层内聚强度等对构造变形过程的控制作用。主要介绍的实验性标志成果有:(1)褶皱冲断带构造变形的生长规律;(2)褶皱冲断带的构造变形机制;(3)褶皱冲断带中构造变形的主控因素。我们的目的是提供引人入胜的物理模拟实验研究成果,吸引更多现在和未来的研究人员理解和重视物理模拟工作,借助日益进步的实验装置和技术方法,促进盆地构造研究在学科发展道路上,一步步实现从定性走向定量、从二维走向三维、从几何学和运动学走向动力学的飞跃。The fold-thrust belt is rich in oil and gas resources,which contains about 14%of the world's proven oil and gas reserves.It has been more than 200 years since geologists first confirmed that folds are formed by horizontal compression deformation of rock strata in 1815,and the physical modelling experiment research on fold-thrust belts is undoubtedly one of the most effective research fields.In this paper,from tracing the pioneers of early modelling experiments to summarizing the relevant research progress in recent twenty years,the main contribution of physical modelling experiments to the development of foreland foldthrust belt structure theory is emphatically analyzed and commented.It is emphasized that the critical wedge theory of orogenic belt,the strength of basement detachment layer,fluid overpressure and cohesive strength of deformed rock layers control the tectonic deformation process.The experimental results are as follows:①the growth law of structural deformation in fold-thrust belt;②tectonic deformation mechanism of fold thrust belt;③the main controlling factors of structural deformation in the fold-thrust belt.Our purpose is to provide fascinating experimental research results of physical modelling,attract more researchers at present and in the future to understand and attach importance to physical modelling,and promote basin structure research to make a leap from qualitative to quantitative,from two-dimensional to three-dimensional,from geometry and kinematics to dynamics step by step on the road of discipline development with the help of increasingly advanced experimental devices and technical methods.

关 键 词：褶皱冲断带 物理模拟实验 生长规律 变形机制 控制因素 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]