4~6岁儿童社会道德特质识别的精细化程度研究  

Study on the Elaborate Degree of 4-to 6-year-old Children’s Trait Attributions

作　　者：张真[1,2] 王欣 Zhang Zhen;Wang Xin(CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所行为科学重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049

出　　处：《心理学探新》2023年第2期147-154,共8页Psychological Exploration

基　　金：北京市教育科学“十三五”规划2019年度重点课题“不同类型的社会性奖励对幼儿亲社会行为的影响”(BEAA19046)。

摘　　要：本研究以社会道德特质为例,考察了儿童特质识别的精细化程度,即能否对属于同一特质范畴的相似行为形成具体特质标签(爱助人vs.爱分享),以及能否区分相似的特质范畴(社会道德特质vs.社会习俗特质)。242名4~6岁儿童完成了基于特质识别的同伴选择任务。实验1发现在需要得到帮助时,4~6岁儿童均选择爱助人(而非爱分享)的同伴,而在需要得到分享时,只有6岁儿童选择爱分享(而非爱助人)的同伴。实验2发现4~6岁儿童在需要得到帮助时,没有表现出对爱分享或守纪律同伴的偏好;在需要得到分享时,也没有表现出对爱助人或守纪律同伴的偏好。结果说明,幼儿对助人特质的识别早于对分享特质的识别,但尚不能区分社会道德特质和社会习俗特质。This study explored the elaborate degree of children's trait attributions with social moral traits as an example.Specifically,we asked whether children are able to attribute specific trait to individuals based on their similar behaviors within social moral domain(a helpful one vs.a sharing one),as well as whether they are able to distinguish between similar trait domains(social moral traits vs.conventional traits).242 children at 4 to 6 years participated partner choice task based on trait attribution.In experiment 1,when in need of being helped,children at all ages chose the partner who helped others previously over the partner who shared with others previously;when in need of being shared with,only 6-year-olds chose the partner who shared with others previously over the partner who helped other previously.In experiment 2,when in need of being helped,children at all ages did not show preference between the partner who shared with others previously and the partner who obeyed the rules previously.Similarly,when in need of being shared with,children at all ages did not show preference between the partner who helped others previously and the partner who obeyed the rules previously.These findings indicate that,for preschoolers,their attribution of helping trait appears earlier in development than do attribution of sharing trait,but they have not yet been able to distinguish between social moral traits and conventional traits.

关 键 词：特质识别 社会道德特质 分享 助人 儿童 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]