干枯植被覆盖对公路沿线地表风沙流结构的影响  

Effect of Dry Vegetation Cover on Surface Sand-carrying Wind Structure Along Highways

作　　者：冬梅[1] 图雅[2] 李巨河 Dong Mei;Tu Ya;Li Juhe(College of Energy and Transportation Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot,Inner Mongolia 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学能源与交通工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]内蒙古农业大学机电工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第4期17-23,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目“半干旱地区草原公路沿线地表土壤风蚀研究”(2020MS03050);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项专题项目(2020ZD0009-4);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2020GG0078)。

摘　　要：[目的]以内蒙古S105草原公路沿线地表为研究对象,探讨挟沙风作用下干枯植被覆盖度对风沙流结构的影响,旨在为防治公路两侧土壤风蚀提供理论参考依据。[方法]采用风洞模拟试验,在0%,20%,40%和50%覆盖度水平下测定输沙率。[结果]在挟沙风作用下,输沙率随干枯植被覆盖度的增大而递减,最大输沙率点的高度层不断上升。覆盖度为0%时,输沙率随高度的增加呈指数函数规律降低;覆盖度为20%,40%和50%时,输沙率随高度的增加呈递减→递增→递减→趋于平缓的变化规律;在85 mm高度以下符合多项式函数关系,85 mm高度以上符合指数函数关系。随覆盖度的增大总输沙量递减,最大抗风蚀效率达65.73%。[结论]干枯植被覆盖显著影响地表风沙流结构,可削弱挟沙风侵蚀力,是抑制公路沿线地表土壤风蚀沙化的有效措施。[Objective]The influence of dry vegetation cover on the structure of wind-blown sand flow under the action of sand-carrying wind of S105 in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was studied in order to provide a theoretical reference for the prevention of soil wind erosion on both sides of a grassland highway.[Methods]Sediment transport rates were measured at 0%,20%,40%,and 50%vegetation cover levels by wind-tunnel simulation tests.[Results]Under the action of sand-carrying wind,the sediment transport rate decreased as dry vegetation cover increased,and the height of the maximum sediment transport rate rose as cover increased.When vegetation cover was 0%,the sediment transport rate decreased exponentially as height increased.As vegetation cover increased to 20%,40%,and 50%,the sediment transport rate decreased,then increased,then decreased,and then tended to be flat as height concurrently increased.These results can be described by a polynomial function below 85 mm height and by an exponential function above 85 mm height.Total sediment discharge decreased as vegetation coverage incrased,and the maximum anti-wind erosion efficiency was 65.73%.[Conclusion]Dry vegetation cover significantly affected the structure of surface wind-blown sand flow,which can weaken the erosion force of sand-carrying wind.Dry vegetation cover is an effective means of inhibiting wind erosion and desertification of surface soil along highways.

关 键 词：公路沿线环境 土壤风蚀 挟沙风 干枯植被覆盖 风沙流结构 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]