聚丙烯酰胺与腐植酸混施对紫色土水分入渗特性的影响  

Effect of Mixed Application of Polyacrylamide and Humic Acid on Water Infiltration Characteristics of Purple Soil

作　　者：刘欢平 郑彩霞 石琪仙 袁小虎 陈茜 闫敏 余文俊 张志亮 Liu Huanping;Zheng Caixia;Shi Qixian;Yuan Xiaohu;Chen Xi;Yan Min;Yu Wenjun;Zhang Zhiliang(College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering,Sichuan Agricultural University,Yaan,Sichuan 625014,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学水利水电学院,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第4期121-127,共7页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：四川省重点实验室开放基金“油橄榄水肥一体化提质增效示范研究”(项目编号:SZKF2208)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)与腐植酸混施对紫色土水分垂直入渗特性的影响,为川西紫色土区水土保持、土壤改良、水分调节及农业水资源高效利用提供理论参考。[方法]采用室内土柱模拟试验,设置1个CK(无混掺),3个PAM施量水平(PAM-1∶1%,PAM-3∶3%,PAM-5∶5%)和2个腐植酸施量水平(HA-1∶0.1%,HA-5∶0.5%)。分析入渗速率、累积入渗量与湿润峰运移距离的变化特征,采用入渗模型对入渗过程进行模拟分析。[结果]与CK相比,各处理可有效降低水分入渗速率,入渗率随着施用量的增加而逐渐降低;相同累积入渗量下,各处理(H_(1)P_(1)除外)入渗时间均大于CK,其中H_(1)P_(3)和H_(2)P_(3)处理分别是CK的14.7和6倍,仅H_(1)P_(1)处理较CK减少了25%;在220 min内,各处理湿润峰运移距离均低于CK,其中H_(1)P_(3)处理湿润峰运移距离最低(4.98 cm),较CK显著缩短57.67%;模型适用性表现为:通用经验公式>Kostiakov公式>Horton公式>Philip公式,但通用经验公式的稳渗率(f_(s))与实测值存在偏差。[结论]PAM与腐植酸混施可有效降低入渗速率,减少累积入渗量与减缓湿润峰运移距离,其减渗作用随着施用量的增加而越明显;最优处理为H_(1)S_(3),腐植酸0.1 g/g,PAM 5 g/g。综合考虑,Kostiakov公式更适合描述川西紫色土的土壤水分入渗过程。[Objective]The objective of this study was to determine the impact of the combined application of PAM(polyacrylamide)and humic acid on the vertical infiltration characteristics of purple soil in order to provide theoretical references for water and soil conservation,soil improvement,water regulation,and efficient utilization of agricultural water resources in the purple soil region of western Sichuan.[Methods]An indoor soil column simulation experiment was conducted with one check treatment(CK,no mixing),three PAM application levels(PAM-1:1%,PAM-3:3%,PAM-5:5%),and two humic acid application levels(HA-1:0.1%,HA-5:0.5%).Infiltration rate,cumulative infiltration volume,and wetting peak transport distance were measured and the variation characteristics were analyzed.The infiltration process was simulated and analyzed using infiltration models.[Results]Compared with CK,the other treatments effectively reduced water infiltration rate,and the infiltration rate gradually decreased with increasing application rate.Under the same cumulative infiltration amount,the infiltration time of each treatment(except H_(1)P_(1))was greater than that of CK,among which H_(1)P_(3) and H_(2)P_(3) were 14.7 times and six times,respectively,the infiltration time of CK.H_(1)P_(1) had an infiltration time that was 25%less than CK.Within 220 min,the wetting peak transport distances in all treatments were lower than that of CK,with the lowest wetting peak transport distance(4.98 cm)in H_(1)P_(3),which was significantly shorter(57.67%)than that of CK.Model applicability followed the order of general empirical formula>Kostiakov formula>Horton formula>Philip formula.However,the steady permeability rate(f_(s))of the general empirical formula deviated from the measured values.[Conclusion]PAM mixed with humic acid can effectively decrease infiltration rate,reduce cumulative infiltration,and slow down the transport distance of the wetting peak.The infiltration reduction effect became more evident with increasing application amount.The optimal treatme

关 键 词：腐植酸 入渗率 湿润锋 入渗模型 聚丙烯酰胺 累积入渗量 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学]