澜沧江黄登水电站库周土壤的崩解特性  

Soil Disintegration Characteristics Around Huangdeng Hydropower Station Reservoir on Lancang River

作　　者：段青松 保锐琴 黄广杰 罗鹏彪 陈丽红 Duan Qingsong;Bao Ruiqin;Huang Guangjie;Luo Pengbiao;Chen Lihong(College of Resources and Environment,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China;College of Water Conservancy,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学资源与环境学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南农业大学水利学院,云南昆明650201

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第4期195-202,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“三江并流区水库消落带草本植物根系水下固土机理研究”(42167046);云南澜沧江黄登水电站库周消落带治理试验工程科研合作项目(H20200133);云南省教育厅科学研究项目(2020Y165);云南农业大学科研基金项目(2021XNKX026)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究澜沧江黄登水电站库周土壤崩解特性,为库周土壤侵蚀防控,减少入库泥沙提供依据,也为三江并流区水土保持和生态修复提供科学参考。[方法]采用野外调查取样与室内试验相结合的方法,测定库周5种典型土壤的崩解速率和理化性质,分析土壤崩解速率与土壤性质的相关性。[结果]土壤崩解性由强到弱依次为:红壤、黄棕壤、淤积土(上)、淤积土(下)、紫色土,饱和状态下,土壤平均崩解速率之比依次为8.76∶5.65∶5.24∶4.29∶1;土壤崩解性与土壤液塑限、机械组成、孔隙度等性质密切相关;土壤平均崩解速率与土壤粉粒、液塑限之间存在显著负相关,与土壤粗砂粒含量、孔隙度显著正相关,在初始含水量(ω0)较高时与土壤有机质、水解性氮、有效磷、全氮存在显著负相关;5种土壤在ω0饱和时土壤崩解速率与全氮、粉粒和液限的线性方程拟合度高(R 2>0.9)。[结论]对ω0饱和的红壤、黄棕壤、淤积土、紫色土,可用土壤全氮含量、粉粒含量和液限来预测土壤的崩解性。对黄登电站库周的红壤和黄棕壤采取必要的林草或工程措施进行综合治理;对淤积土应种植适生的消落带植物,对紫色土在加强保护的前提下宜农则农、宜林则林,为库区乡村振兴提供更多农林用地资源。[Objective]Soil disintegration characteristics around the Huangdeng hydropower station reservoir on the Lancang River were studied in order to provide a basis for the prevention and control of soil erosion around the reservoir,reduce the sediment entering the reservoir,and provide a reference for soil and water conservation and ecological restoration in the Three Rivers parallel flow area.[Methods]We used a combination of field survey sampling and laboratory experiments to determine the disintegration rate and physicochemical properties of five typical soils around the reservoir,and to analyze the correlation between soil disintegration rate and soil properties.[Results]Soil disintegration(ranging from strong to weak)was observed to follow the order of red soil,yellow brown soil,siltation soil(top),siltation soil(bottom),and purple soil.Under the saturated soil condition,the ratio of average disintegration rates was 8.76∶5.65∶5.24∶4.29∶1.Soil disintegration was closely related to the soil liquid plastic limit,mechanical composition,porosity,and other properties;There was a significant negative correlation between the average soil disintegration rate and both soil silt and liquid plastic limit.A significant positive correlation was observed between soil disintegration rate and both the content of soil coarse sand and porosity.When the initial moisture content(ω0)was high,soil disintegration rate was significantly negatively correlated with soil organic matter,hydrolytic nitrogen,available phosphorus,and total nitrogen.The linear equations between soil disintegration rate and total nitrogen,silt,and liquid plastic limit for the five soil types in the saturated state had a high fit degree(R 2>0.9).[Conclusion]Whenω0 was saturated for red soil,yellow brown soil,siltation soil,and purple soil,soil total nitrogen content,silt content,and liquid plastic limit can be used to predict soil disintegration.Forests and grasslands should be established and maintained or engineering measures should be implemented to t

关 键 词：黄登水电站 库周土壤 崩解性 土壤性质 防治措施 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]