1980-2020年松嫩平原生态脆弱性时空分异  

Spatiotemporal Variability in Ecological Vulnerability of Songnen Plain from 1980 to 2020

作　　者：宋春威 相恒星 陈美宏 杜会石[1,2] Song Chunwei;Xiang Hengxing;Chen Meihong;Du Huishi(College of Tourism and Geographical Science,Jilin Normal University,Siping,Jilin 136000,China;Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing of Ecological Environment in Jilin Province,Jilin Normal University,Siping,Jilin 136000,China;Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun,Jilin 130102,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林师范大学旅游与地理科学学院,吉林四平136000 [2]吉林省生态环境遥感大数据重点实验室,吉林四平136000 [3]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2023年第4期366-374,共9页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：吉林省自然科学基金项目“松嫩沙地灌丛沙丘发育的地貌—生态过程”(20210101398JC)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究1980—2020年松嫩平原生态脆弱性时空变化特征和驱动机制,为该区生态系统管理与可持续发展提供科学依据。[方法]从自然和人文两个角度出发,采用“压力—状态—响应”(PSR)模型构建评价指标体系,结合主成分分析法和Moran’I指数开展研究。[结果]①松嫩平原生态脆弱性以极度、重度和中度脆弱性为主,共占81.72%。2000年之前生态脆弱性整体水平呈现上升趋势,2000年之后生态脆弱性整体水平不断下降。②松嫩平原生态脆弱性以轻度和中度脆弱性变化为主,变幅分别为62.19%和91.30%。③生态脆弱性变化是由于草地、水域、未利用地、建筑用地和耕地间的转化。④生态脆弱性存在空间自相关性,低—低集聚主要分布在研究区西部林地区域。[结论]近40 a松嫩平原生态脆弱性总体呈现波动降低趋势,空间上生态脆弱性自东向西逐渐增加,气温、降水等自然因素和土地利用等人文因素对生态脆弱性影响较大。[Objetive]The characteristics and driving mechanisms of spatial and temporal changes in the ecological vulnerability of the Songnen Plain from 1980 to 2020 were studied in order to provide a scientific basis for ecosystem management and sustainable development in the region.[Methods]From the perspective of natural factors and human factors,the“pressure-state-response”(PSR)model was used to build an evaluation index system.Principal component analysis was combined with the Moran’I index.[Results]①The ecological vulnerability of the Songnen Plain was dominated by extreme,severe,and moderate vulnerabilities,accounting for 81.72%of the total vulnerability.The overall level of ecological vulnerability showed an upward trend before 2000,and the overall level of ecological vulnerability declined after 2000.②The ecological vulnerability of the Songnen Plain was dominated by light(62.19%)and moderate(91.30%)vulnerability changes.③Changes in ecological vulnerability were due to conversions between grasslands,waters,unused land,construction land,and cultivated land.④Spatial autocorrelation existed in ecological vulnerability,and low-low aggregation was mainly located in the forestland area in the western part of the study area.[Conclusion]The ecological vulnerability of Songnen Plain during the past 40 years generally showed a fluctuating and decreasing trend.The spatial ecological vulnerability gradually increased from east to west.Natural factors such as temperature and precipitation,and human factors such as land use had a great impact on ecological vulnerability.

关 键 词：生态脆弱性 空间自相关 空间主成分分析 生态环境 松嫩平原 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X22