铌合金与不锈钢异种金属焊接技术研究进展  

Research Progress of Welding Technology Between Niobium Alloy and Stainless Steel Dissimilar Metal

作　　者：陈国庆[1] 甘展华 张戈 冷雪松 CHEN Guoqing;GAN Zhanhua;ZHANG Ge;LENG Xuesong(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;Special Environmental Material Science Research Institute,Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen),Shenzhen 518055,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学先进焊接与连接国家重点实验室,哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨工业大学(深圳)特殊环境物质科学研究院,深圳518055

出　　处：《航空制造技术》2023年第19期93-99,共7页Aeronautical Manufacturing Technology

摘　　要：铌与不锈钢作为重要的结构材料,在航空航天领域得到广泛应用。然而,二者焊接时容易生成脆性金属间化合物且接头内部焊接残余应力大,容易引发接头开裂。本文针对铌合金与不锈钢焊接的研究现状,综述了目前铌与不锈钢主要连接方式:爆炸焊、钎焊和熔焊等。爆炸焊和钎焊虽然能够抑制焊接裂纹,但爆炸焊接复杂的焊接工艺和钎焊较低的接头强度难以满足铌/不锈钢复合结构的应用需求。熔化焊接接头残余应力大,焊缝内部存在较多脆性Nb-Fe金属间化合物,导致接头力学性能较低。针对上述问题对铌合金与不锈钢熔化焊接进行了展望:开展有限元模拟工作指导焊接工艺优化,向焊缝中引入第3组元改善铌与不锈钢的焊接性并探索合理的热处理工艺提高接头强度。As important structural materials,niobium and stainless steel are widely used in the aerospace.However,brittle intermetallic compounds are easily formed,and high residual stress is distributed within the joint,which easily leads to cracking.In this paper,aiming at the current research status of niobium alloy and stainless steel welding,the main joining methods of niobium and stainless steel are reviewed:Explosive welding,brazing and fusion welding.Although explosive welding and brazing can suppress welding cracks,the complex welding process of explosive welding and the low joint strength of brazing are difficult to meet the application requirements of niobium/stainless steel composite structures.High residual stress distributed in the fusion welded joint,and many brittle Nb–Fe intermetallic compounds formed in the weld,resulting in poor mechanical properties of the joint.In view of the above problems,the fusion welding of niobium alloy and stainless steel is prospected:Conducting finite element simulation to guide welding process optimization,introducing a third component into the weld to improve the weldability of niobium and stainless steel,and exploring reasonable heat treatment processes to improve the mechanical properties of the joint.

关 键 词：铌合金 不锈钢 爆炸焊 钎焊 熔焊 

分 类 号：TG457.1[金属学及工艺—焊接] V261.34[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航制造工程]