“烟花”台风影响下长江口水域波浪分布特征研究  

Wave distribution characteristics of Yangtze Estuary under the influence of typhoon In-Fa

作　　者：刘华帅 杨氾[1] 王红川[1] LIU Huashuai;YANG Fan;WANG Hongchuan(The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210029,China)

机构地区：[1]南京水利科学研究院水灾害防御全国重点实验室,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《海洋工程》2023年第5期81-91,共11页The Ocean Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2021YFB2600700)。

摘　　要：台风往往会带来强风、大浪、风暴潮。强潮大浪给长江口深水航道整治工程的维护带来挑战。构建了覆盖中国海的台风浪—风暴潮耦合数学模型,模拟了台风“烟花”作用下长江口北槽水域波浪的发展过程,分析了长江口北槽水域波浪分布特点和台风强度。研究表明:叠加风场和潮汐模式共同驱动的台风浪―风暴潮耦合模型,可以准确模拟台风期间长江口水域波浪的生成和发展过程;“烟花”台风期间,外海大浪以东方向浪为主,长江口北槽南挡沙堤沿线有效波高最大值介于1.61~5.22 m之间,自东向西逐渐衰减;台风过程中,长江口北槽水域有效波高在台风二次登录时刻达到最大,口门处有5.0 m以上大浪;依据台风过程中长江口风速及外海波高、周期与参考规范值对比分析得出,“烟花”台风过程波浪强度约为50年一遇。Typhoons often bring strong winds,big waves and storm surges,which pose challenges to the maintenance of the deep-water channel in the Yangtze Estuary.In order to explore the influence of Typhoon In-Fa on the north passage of the Yangtze Estuary,a mathematical model of wave-storm surge coupling covering the China Sea was constructed.The development process of waves in the north passage of the Yangtze Estuary under the typhoon In-Fa was simulated,and the wave distribution characteristics and intensity were analyzed.The research shows that the coupled model driven by the superimposed wind field and tidal model can accurately simulate the generation and development of waves in the Yangtze Estuary during typhoons.During typhoon processes,the big waves in the open sea were mainly eastward waves,and the maximum significant wave height along the south sand barrier of the north passage of the Yangtze Estuary was between 1.61 and 5.22 m,and gradually decayed from east to west.During the processes of In-Fa,the significant wave height in the north passage of the Yangtze Estuary reached its maximum at the time of the typhoon′s second landing,and there were large waves of more than 5.0 m at the entrance.According to the comparative analysis of the wind speed at the Yangtze Estuary and the wave height and period in the open sea during the typhoon process,it is concluded that the wave intensity of the In-Fa was about once in 50 years.

关 键 词：长江口 “烟花”台风 台风浪―风暴潮耦合 波浪分布 

分 类 号：P731.2[天文地球—海洋科学] TV139.2[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]