秸秆还田配施氮肥对水稻根际土酶活性的影响  

Impacts of straw return coupled with nitrogen fertilization on the enzyme activities of rice rhizosphere soils

作　　者：陈佩 罗佳琳 黄丽颖 王宁[1,3] 于建光 薛利红[1,3] CHEN Pei;LUO Jialin;HUANG Liying;WANG Ning;YU Jianguang;XUE Lihong(Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Agricultural Environment Laboratory of the Lower Yangtze River Plain of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China,Nanjing 210014,China;School of Water Conservancy and Environment,University of Jinan,Jinan 250022,China;School of the Environment and safety Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212001,China;Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture,Suzhou 215000,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部长江下游平原农业环境重点实验室,南京210014 [2]济南大学水利与环境学院,济南250022 [3]江苏大学环境与安全工程学院,江苏镇江212001 [4]苏州农业职业技术学院,江苏苏州215000

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2023年第10期2264-2273,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700801);国家自然科学基金项目(41601261);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目[CX(21)2012];江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20201240);江苏省重点研发项目(D21YFD17008)。

摘　　要：为了明确水稻根际土壤酶活性对秸秆还田与氮肥配施的响应规律,本研究以江苏泰州高砂土和江苏常州黄泥土两种稻麦轮作土壤为研究对象,采用根际袋法,基于温室模拟盆栽试验研究了秸秆单独还田(S)、秸秆与常规氮肥配施(SN)、秸秆与高量氮肥配施(SHN)3种施肥模式对水稻成熟期根际与非根际土壤脱氢酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、羟胺还原酶活性的影响。结果表明:与非根际区土壤相比,两种类型稻田根际区土壤脱氢酶、脲酶、羟胺还原酶活性分别提高了22.4%~48.7%、13.4%~70.9%、12.4%~23.0%,仅江苏常州S处理根际土壤脲酶活性增加效应不显著;同时,秸秆还田配施氮肥显著提高了江苏泰州根际土壤蛋白酶活性34.2%~44.7%和亚硝酸还原酶活性49.6%~87.1%,以及江苏常州根际土壤硝酸还原酶活性243.8%~270.5%。与秸秆单独还田相比,秸秆与氮肥配施显著提高了水稻根际和非根际区土壤中脱氢酶活性14.2%~62.7%,脲酶活性8.2%~54.4%,以及羟胺还原酶活性3.8%~18.0%(江苏常州非根际土脲酶和江苏泰州SN处理羟胺还原酶除外);与以上3种酶不同,根际区土壤蛋白酶、硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶活性对氮肥施用的响应与非根际区显著不同。基于主成分分析(PCoA)显示,土壤类型、根际效应、氮肥施用是影响土壤酶活性的重要因素,且氮肥施用显著改变了非根际/根际土壤酶活性;方差分解分析(VPA)表明,3种因素共解释土壤酶活性变异量的63.5%,其中根际效应与氮肥施用影响效应较大,其贡献率达32.8%和20.8%。To explore the response mechanisms of enzyme activities of rhizosphere soils to straw return coupled with nitrogen fertilization,two types of paddy soils were collected,added to wheat straw,and used for rice seedling growth under greenhouse conditions.The specific objectives were to explore the effect of combination of straw return with nitrogen fertilizer addition on the activities of dehydrogenase,protease,urease,nitrate reductase,nitrite reductase,and hydroxylamine reductase in non-rhizosphere,as well as on the rhizosphere soils based on the rhizo-bags method.There were three treatments:straw return without nitrogen addition(S),straw return with conventional application ratio of nitrogen addition(SN),and straw return with higher application ratio of nitrogen addition(SHN).Results revealed that,compared to non-rhizosphere soil,the activities of dehydrogenase,urease,and hydroxylamine reductase in rhizosphere soils for all the treatments increased by 22.4%–48.7%,13.4%–70.9%,and 12.4%–23.0%,respectively,and only the effect of S treatment on the increase of urease activity in the rhizosphere soil was not significant.Meanwhile,straw return combined with nitrogen fertilizer addition significantly increased the activities of protease for rhizosphere soil from Taizhou Jiangsu(TZ),nitrate reductase for rhizosphere soil from Changzhou Jiangsu(CZ),and nitrite reductase for TZ rhizosphere soil by 34.2%–44.7%,243.8%–270.5%,and 49.6%–87.1%,respectively.Results also demonstrated that as nitrogen application rate increased,the activities of dehydrogenase,urease,and hydroxylamine reductase in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils for all treatments increased by 14.2%–62.7%,8.2%–54.4%,and 3.8%–18.0%(except urease in non-rhizosphere of CZ soil and hydroxylamine reductase of SN treatment in non-rhizosphere of TZ soil),respectively.In contrast from the above three soil enzyme types,the response of other types of soil enzyme to nitrogen fertilizer application varied between non-rhizosphere and rhizosphere.Principal

关 键 词：秸秆还田 根际土壤 非根际土壤 氮肥施用 酶活性 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] S154.2