古代帝陵研究中的几个问题  

Critical Issues Related to the Research of Ancient Mausoleums

作　　者：韩国河[1] 王芳[2] Han Guohe;Wang Fang

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史文化遗产保护研究中心 [2]郑州大学历史学院

出　　处：《考古与文物》2023年第4期64-70,共7页Archaeology and Cultural Relics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“多卷本《中国古代陵寝制度史》”(编号:17ZDA216)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文重点探讨了三个问题,即因山为陵、陵区制和堪舆理念。因山为陵本意在于利用山体或高地进行埋葬,墓穴有竖穴和横穴两种类型,竖穴型定型于秦始皇陵,对东晋南朝、金帝陵有一定影响;横穴型定型于东汉帝陵,被西晋帝陵和唐陵所继承。自战国时期确立的独立陵园制,至汉晋时期发展成为陵区制度,体现皇权与中央集权的对立统一格局,以及“家国同构”的核心价值,宋以后集中陵区成为一种制度。堪舆理念对帝陵选址的影响大约从南朝开始逐步加深,至明清成为多种“趋利避害”理念的混合体,其中唐宋时期帝陵所用堪舆术与民间分野明显,反映出强化皇权统治的政治诉求。This article explores three issues related to the construction of mausoleums:‘yinshan weiling’(mausoleums on mountains),mausoleum area,and Kanyu geomancy.The original idea of‘yinshan weiling’refers to the attempt of constructing mausoleums on mountains or high-elevation land.Two types of tomb structures are associated with mausoleums on mountains:vertical pits and horizontal pits.The former type was standardized by Qinshihuang’s mausoleum and had some influences in the mausoleums during the Eastern Jin,Southern Dynasties,Jin Dynasty,and Yuan Dynasty.In contrast,the latter type initially appeared during the Eastern Han period and was inherited as the principle of Western Jin and Tang Dynasties mausoleums.The independent mausoleum garden system emerged during the Warring States period evolved into the mausoleum area system during the Han and Jin periods.This system embodied the dialectic relationship between the royal power and centralization of the central court.Also,this pattern represents the core value of‘building the state as one’s household’.After the Song period,the mausoleum system eventually became the so-called‘centralized mausoleum system’.The influence of Kanyu geomancy had been increasingly deepened from the Southern Dynasties onward,and was transformed into the ideology of‘going after profits and avoiding disadvantages’during the Ming-Qing periods.It is also noteworthy that the Kanyu geomancy employed by the royal family was different from that used among ordinary people,representing the pursuit of strengthening the imperial power of the royal family.

关 键 词：帝陵 因山为陵 陵区 堪舆 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]