三峡工程重大泥沙问题研究进展  

Recent progress in sediment research of the Three Gorges Project

作　　者：胡春宏[1] 方春明[1] 史红玲[1] Hu Chunhong;Fang Chunming;Shi Hongling

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048

出　　处：《中国水利》2023年第19期10-16,共7页China Water Resources

基　　金：中国长江三峡集团有限公司科研项目(0704217)。

摘　　要：三峡水库泥沙淤积与坝下游河道冲刷是一个长期变化发展的过程,需要长期跟踪研究。近年三峡工程重大泥沙问题研究取得多方面的重要进展,研究得出:坝前水位150 m左右是控制水库防洪库容损失的临界水位,提出了典型洪水过程水库排沙比控制指标;明晰水库中小洪水调度对坝下游河道滩地植被发育和行洪能力的影响,提出了优化调度方案;预测了三峡水库坝下游河道冲刷与演变趋势,阐明其对沿江崩岸、航道、供水等的影响;评估水沙变化对长江河流健康的影响,揭示坝下游河道床面泥沙生物膜量减少的现象和规律。基于研究成果,提出了三峡水库调度运行中泥沙相关问题的应对措施,为拓展三峡工程综合效益、维护长江河流健康提供科技支撑。The sedimentation of the Three Gorges Reservoir and the erosion downstream of the dam constitute a long-term and evolving process that requires continuous monitoring and research.In recent years,significant progress has been made in the study of major sediment-related issues associated with the Three Gorges Project.Key findings include:The critical water level for controlling flood storage capacity loss in the reservoir is approximately 150 meters,and a control index for sediment discharge ratio during typical flood events has been proposed.The study has clarified the impact of medium and small flood operations in the reservoir on the development of vegetation and flood discharge capacity in downstream river beaches,leading to the proposal of optimized operational strategies.Predictions have been made regarding the erosion and evolution trends of the downstream channel of the Three Gorges Reservoir,with insights into their effects on bank erosion,navigation channels,and water supply along the Yangtze River.Furthermore,assessments have been conducted on the impact of changes in water and sediment on the overall health of the Yangtze River,uncovering trends related to the reduction of sediment biofilm on the riverbed downstream of the dam.Based on these research outcomes,measures to address sediment-related issues in the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir have been suggested,providing scientific support for enhancing the comprehensive benefits of the Three Gorges Project and preserving the ecological health of the Yangtze River.

关 键 词：三峡水库 长江中下游河道 泥沙 中小洪水调度 河流健康 

分 类 号：TV14[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]