解锁装置振动失效分析及改进  

Vibration Failure Analysis and Improvement of an Unlocking Device

作　　者：张威 景莉[1] 刘群 杨昭 周传霞 张丽梅[1] 岳泽鹏 ZHANG Wei;JING Li;LIU Qun;YANG Zhao;ZHOU Chuanxia;ZHANG Limei;YUE Zepeng(Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics&Electricity,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间机电研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天返回与遥感》2023年第5期29-36,共8页Spacecraft Recovery & Remote Sensing

摘　　要：解锁装置是广泛应用于航空、航天领域的火工装置,可用于星体与其相机主载荷的约束与释放。在卫星到达指定轨道时,解除相机与卫星平台的约束,释放相机自由度以调整拍摄姿态,同时还需要在发射主动段提供相机足够的刚性支撑,保证结构不失效。但在试验过程中,解锁装置联合相机振动时会发生结构失效,刚性支撑提前解除。为解决该问题,文章以解锁装置为主要分析对象,通过承载机理分析、有限元仿真及对故障件的拆解检查,确定了解锁装置振动失效的机理。此外,通过分析预紧力矩对解锁装置弯曲刚度的影响,提出了增加预紧力矩的改进方法,解锁装置弯曲变形降低15%,局部模态产生的位移降低40%,最终顺利通过了联合振动试验,解决了解锁装置振动失效问题,为同类产品的失效分析及改进提供了重要的参考依据。The unlocking device is a pyrotechnic device widely applied in the aviation and aerospace fields,which is used for the constraint and release of the star and its main load camera.When the satellite reaches the designated orbit,it is required to release the constraint of the camera and the satellite bus,release the degree of freedom of the camera to adjust the shooting attitude.At the same time,it is also required to provide sufficient rigid support for the camera in the active launch phase to avoid the structure failure.However,during the development process,the unlocking device experienced structural failure during the camera vibration test,and the rigid support was released in advance.To solve this problem,this paper takes the unlocking device as the main analysis object,and determines the mechanism of vibration failure of the unlocking device through bearing mechanism analysis,finite element simulation,and disassembly inspection of the faulty component.Furthermore,by analyzing the influence of preload torque on the bending stiffness of the unlocking device,an improved method to increase the preload torque is proposed,the bending displacement of the unlocking device is reduced by 15%,and the displacement generated by local modes is reduced by 40%.Finally,the joint vibration test is successfully passed,solving the problem of vibration failure of the unlocking device,providing important reference for the failure analysis and improvement of similar products.

关 键 词：火工装置 解锁装置 结构失效 改进方法 

分 类 号：V414.1[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]