病人角色:概念根植性与基于家本位文化的反思  

The Sick Role:The Embeddedness of the Concept and Reflections Based on Family-oriented Culture

作　　者：姚泽麟[1,2] YAO Zelin

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学社会发展学院 [2]上海市“中国特色的转型社会学研究”社会科学创新研究基地

出　　处：《社会科学》2023年第10期150-161,共12页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国公共卫生防疫史研究”(项目编号::20&&ZD221)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：病人角色是医学社会学中的经典概念,迄今仍被广泛应用于解释疾病与医疗相关的现象。然而,任何概念都有根植性,病人角色概念不但由于疾病类型、群体特征、医患关系的差异而表现出显著的内部异质性,而且还嵌植于北美盎格鲁-撒克逊白人新教徒的文化价值观念之中,因而有其“适用边界”。因此,以病人角色概念把握和理解中国社会的现实经验时,须以理论自觉的精神反思这种根植性,尤其是意识到中国的家本位文化和家庭伦理对病患及其家庭的深刻影响,同时认识到家庭的变动和“家庭政治”,以便更为精准地解释中国社会的病人角色、患病行为、医患关系等相关现象。"The sick role"is a classic concept in medical sociology,which is still widely used to explain the phenomena related to illness and medical treatment.However,all concepts are embedded in specific historical,political,economic,societal,and cultural contexts.The concept of the sick role not only contains significant internal heterogeneity due to differences in disease type,group features and doctor-patient relationship,but also has its"boundary of application"rooted in the cultural values of White Anglo-Saxon Protestants in North America.Therefore,when trying to understand and explain the experience of Chinese people with the concept of the sick role,we must reflect on the embeddedness of the concept by the spirit of theoretical self-consciousness,especially realize the profound influences of China's family-oriented culture and family ethics on patients and their families,and at the same time recognize the changes of families and the family politics."Only in this way can we understand and explain the sick role more accurately,llness behavior,doctor-patient relationship and other relevant phenomena in contemporary Chinese society.

关 键 词：病人角色 根植性 家本位文化 家庭 医学社会学 

分 类 号：C913.4[经济管理]