欧盟动物进境检疫法规体系概述及启示  

An Overview of EU Systems on Entry Animal Quarantine Rules and Regulations and the Resulting Considerations

作　　者：薛俊欣 乔彩霞 方海萍 林颖峥 蒋静 冯之航 王艳 李健 季新成 Xue Junxin;Qiao Caixia;Fang Haiping;Lin Yingzheng;Jiang Jing;Feng Zhihang;Wang Yan;Li Jian;Ji Xincheng(Shanghai Customs District P.R.China,Shanghai 200002,China;Science and Technology Research Center of China Customs,Beijing 100026,China;WTO/SPS National Notification and Enquiry Center of China,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海关,上海200002 [2]中国海关科学技术研究中心,北京100026 [3]中国WTO/SPS国家通报咨询中心,北京100013

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2023年第10期52-60,共9页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：上海市标准专项(20DZ2200100);海关总署科研项目(2021HK156)。

摘　　要：欧盟在根除动物疫病方面积累了丰富的经验,动物疫病防范制度完善,现有法规体系的动物疫情防控效果理想。欧盟进境动物检疫重视风险分析,对授权进口动物的基本卫生要求普遍较高,对出口欧盟的国家、地区实行清单管理,对主要检疫疫病的最短无疫时间做了明确规定,动物境外隔离期限较长而境内隔离期限较短。由此建议,我国应强化风险分析在动物进境检疫中的预警作用,在法律层面完善准入清单制度,并对特定疫病做附加规定,依据疫病特点规定出口国最短无疫时间,适当增加境外隔离检疫期限并减少境内隔离检疫期限。本文对于提升和完善我国进境动物检疫工作具有参考意义。European Union(EU),with rich experiences in eradicating animal diseases,has developed sound systems for disease prevention,especially current systems on rules and regulations that are effective for disease control.For entry animal quarantine,risk analysis was emphasized by EU,with high general hygiene requirements for animals authorized to be imported,the countries and regions intending to export animals to EU were managed according to checklists,and the minimum period of absence of major diseases subject to quarantine was clearly defined,with longer period of animal quarantine outside EU,but shorter period within EU.Therefore,China was thus recommended to strengthen the early warning role of risk analysis in animal entry quarantine,improve the access checklists at legal level,make additional provisions for specific diseases,define the minimum period of disease free in exporting countries according to disease characteristics,appropriately increase the overseas quarantine period,and to reduce the domestic one.A reference was provided by the study for the improvement of China's entry animal quarantine.

关 键 词：欧盟 进境动物检疫 动物卫生 法规体系 

分 类 号：S851.34[农业科学—预防兽医学]