越南非洲猪瘟疫苗NAVET-ASFVAC(ASFV-G-ΔI177L)研究现状及思考  

Research Progress of ASF Vaccine NAVET-ASFVAC(ASFV-G-ΔI177L)Developed by Vietnam and Considerations

作　　者：戈胜强[1,2,3] 徐天刚 尼博[1] 刘春菊 韩乃君[1] 王晓华[1] 郑辉 王志亮[1] Ge Shengqiang;Xu Tiangang;Ni Bo;Liu Chunju;Han Naijun;Wang Xiaohua;Zheng Hui;Wang Zhiliang(China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center,Qingdao,Shandong 266032,China;Qingdao Key Laboratory of Modern Bioengineering and Animal Disease Research,Qingdao,Shandong 266032,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Warning,Prevention and Control(South China),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Qingdao,Shandong 266032,China)

机构地区：[1]中国动物卫生与流行病学中心,山东青岛266032 [2]青岛市现代生物工程及动物疫病研究重点实验室,山东青岛266032 [3]农业农村部动物生物安全风险预警及防控重点实验室(南方),山东青岛266032

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2023年第10期82-86,共5页China Animal Health Inspection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1800500)。

摘　　要：非洲猪瘟(African Swine Fever,ASF)是由非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)感染引起的猪高度致死性传染病,迄今全球还没有能预防它的有效疫苗。目前基因缺失减毒活疫苗和亚单位疫苗是最具潜力的疫苗研发策略。据报道,越南正式批准了ASFV基因缺失弱毒疫苗NAVET-ASFVAC(ASFV-G-AI177L)在其全国范围内使用。ASFV-G-AI177L疫苗株是首个能诱导产生免疫且不排毒的毒株,针对越南地方品种猪具有良好的安全性并可抵抗母本强毒株(ASFV-G)的攻击;在疫苗接种后21 d可产生全面保护,并且大剂量接种安全,带毒时间小于90 d,连续5次传代未观察到毒力返祖。但是临床条件下ASFV-G-AI177L疫苗株仍存在水平传播和病毒血症逐代升高的风险,并且对野猪和妊娠母猪缺乏安全性评价。本文针对越南自美国引进的ASFV-G-AI177L毒株相关临床研究数据进行综述,以期为我国ASF疫苗研究及防控政策制定提供参考。African swine fever(ASF)is a highly lethal infectious disease caused by African swine fever virus(ASFV),which could not be effectively controlled by any current vaccines in the world.The development of gene-deleted attenuated live vaccines and subunit vaccines are considered as the most potential strategy.As reported,ASF genedeleted attenuated vaccine NAVET-ASFVAC(ASFV-G-△I177L)was officially approved and applied in Vietnam,which was the first vaccine inducing immunity without ASFV shedding,safe for local pigs in Vietnam and resistant to the virulent parental strain(ASFV-G).It could produce full protection at 21 days after vaccination,and be safe even for high-dose vaccination,making the viral persistence duration less than 90 days.No virulence reversion was observed after five consecutive passages.However,the risk of horizontal transmission and viremia rising by generations was still available under clinical conditions,besides,the safety to wild boars and pregnant sows needed to be evaluated.In the paper,relevant clinical research data about ASFV-G-△I177L introduced by Vietnam from the U.S.were reviewed,with a view to providing a reference for China's research on ASF vaccine and development of control measures.

关 键 词：非洲猪瘟 减毒活疫苗 越南 ASFV-G-ΔI177L 

分 类 号：S852.65[农业科学—基础兽医学]