氮杂环卡宾催化合成氰基化合物的研究进展  

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Cyanides Enabled by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis

作　　者：蔡远林 吕亚 聂桂花 金智超 池永贵 Cai Yuanlin;Lü Ya;Nie Guihua;Jin Zhichao;Chi Yonggui(Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering,Ministry of Education,National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide,Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025;School of Chemistry,Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology,Nanyang Technological University,Singapore 637371)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学精细化工研究开发中心、贵州大学绿色农药全国重点实验室、绿色农药与农业生物工程教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025 [2]南洋理工大学化学化工与生物技术学院,新加坡637371

出　　处：《有机化学》2023年第9期3135-3145,共11页Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21961006);国家自然科学基金(32172459);国家自然科学基金(22071036);贵州省教育厅不对称合成与药物分子前沿科学中心(KY(2020)004);贵州大学中国高校学科人才引进计划(D20023);新加坡国家研究基金(NRFNRFI2016-06);竞争研究计划(NRFCRP22-2019-0002);新加坡教育部(RG7/20);新加坡教育部(RG5/19);新加坡教育部(MOE2019-T2-2-117);及新加坡教育部(MOE2018-T3-1-003)。

摘　　要：氰基化合物不仅广泛存在于医药和农药分子中, 还是一类重要的中间体. 传统合成氰基化合物的方法是使用氰化钠、氰化钾和氢氰酸等最简单的氰化试剂, 但这类氰化试剂的剧毒性和不稳定性限制了其在合成中的应用. 因此发展有机氰化试剂和无氰源试剂构建氰基化合物的策略备受关注. 氮杂环卡宾是一类高效的有机小分子催化剂, 可用于实现多种碳-碳(C—C)和碳-杂(C—X)键的形成. 综述了氮杂环卡宾催化有机氰化试剂和无氰源试剂构建氰基化合物的反应, 目的是引起更多的化学工作者关注该领域的发展, 并提供氮杂环卡宾催化活化模式的新思路.Cyanide compounds are not only widely found in medicine and pesticide molecules, but also a class of important intermediates. The traditional method for the synthesis of cyano compounds is to use the simplest cyanide reagents such as sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide and hydrocyanic acid, but the toxicity and instability of cyanide reagents have limited its application in synthesis. Therefore, the development of organic cyanide reagents and cyanide-free reagents for the construction of cyano compounds has attracted much attention. N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) is a kind of effective small-molecule organocatalysts. A series of catalytic activation modes enabled by NHC have been developed for the formation of various carbon-carbon (C—C) and carbon-heteroatom (C—X) bonds. With the purpose of attracting much attention to this research field and bringing new ideas into the development of the NHC organocatalytic reactions, the catalytic reactions for the construction of cyano compounds enabled by NHC with organic cyanide reagents or cyanide-free reagents are summarized.

关 键 词：氮杂环卡宾 有机氰化试剂 无氰源试剂 氰化反应 氰基化合物 

分 类 号：O621.251[理学—有机化学]