论非法吸收公众存款罪特别从宽制度的功能界分  

On the Functional Demarcation of Special Leniency System for the Crime of Illegally Taking Deposits from the General Public

作　　者：李冠煜 LI Guanyu

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学法学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《政治与法律》2023年第11期54-72,共19页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：鉴于我国特别从宽制度的适用困境,各种学说提出的理论根据均有所不足,无法清晰划定其从宽处理功能之间的界限。根据法益保护原则,非法吸收公众存款罪法益为存款制度利益,并借助被害人教义学、恢复性司法观,一起为该制度强化知识供给、体系约束和目标导引,使其理论根据凝练为答责性消减和政策性补强,将报应该当性、预防必要性融入恢复可能性。这不仅在非难可能性的入罪基础功能之外衍生出了入罪纠偏机能,而且通过放宽判断时点的限制,将法益恢复行为视为一种介入因素,提升了预防必要性的判断权重。对特别从宽制度功能的选择,应以经济犯罪刑事政策指导下存款制度利益的修复程度作为判断标准,进行从规范性修复到政策性修复的进阶式判断。既要注重追赃挽损的结果考察和恢复举措的过程评价,也要强调规范性判断和政策性校验,以充分释放政策激励作用,形成有梯度的功能排序。In view of the predicaments in the application of special leniency system in China,the theoretical basis put forward in various doctrines has their own defects,failing to clearly drawing the boundary among its functions of lenient treatment.According to the principle of legal interest protection,the legal interest of the crime of illegally taking deposits from the general public is the interest in the deposit system,which,with the help of the victim-oriented doctrine and the concept of restorative justice,strengthens the knowledge supply,institutional constraint and goal guidance for the system,thus condensing its theoretical basis into accountability reduction and policy reinforcement,integrating proportionality in retribution and necessity of prevention into the possibility of recovery.This not only derives the function of rectifying deviation in conviction in addition to the basic function of criminalization from the culpability,but also by relaxing the restriction on the determination time point takes the restoration of legal interest as an intervention factor to improve the weight of assessing the necessity of prevention.The choice of the functions of the special leniency system should be made by taking the degree of restoring the interest of deposit system under the guidance of the criminal policy on economic offenses as the determination standard,and making an progressive determination from norm-based restoration to policy-based restoration.Attention should be paid not only to the result consideration of recovering illegal gains and mitigating losses and the process evaluation of recovery measures,but also to norm-based determination and policy-based verification,so as to fully release the incentive effect of policy and form a gradient functional ranking.

关 键 词：非法吸收公众存款罪 特别从宽制度 狭义出罪功能 量刑从宽功能 法益修复程度 

分 类 号：D924.3[政治法律—刑法学]