湖泊沉积物内源磷通量定量方法与研究展望  

Quantitative methods and research prospects on endogenous phosphorus fluxes in lake sediments

作　　者：王敬富[1,2] 陈权 金祖雪 杨姣姣 陈敬安 WANG Jing-fu;CHEN Quan;JIN Zu-xue;YANG Jiao-jiao;CHEN Jing-an(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry,Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guiyang 550081,China;Universityof Chinese Academyof Sciences,Beijing100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地球化学研究所,环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵阳550081 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2023年第4期903-913,共11页Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42277253);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(黔科中引地[2021]4028号);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y006号)。

摘　　要：磷是湖泊初级生产力的关键限制性元素。沉积物磷释放是湖泊水体磷的重要内源,特别是在外源磷输入得到有效控制的湖泊。量化湖泊内源磷通量对科学制定湖泊富营养化治理策略具有十分重要的现实意义。本文综述了现有的湖泊内源磷通量的定量估算方法,即原位观测法、沉积物柱芯培养法、孔隙水浓度剖面估算法、质量平衡法、同位素质量平衡法和经验公式法,系统分析了6种方法的原理、操作、优缺点及适用性;讨论了内源磷总通量与净通量的差异、时间和空间尺度的重要性以及深分层湖泊与浅分湖泊的区别。最后就加强湖泊内源磷通量及其环境意义的研究提出建议:为了正确评估内源负荷对湖泊水体磷的贡献,应强调总通量而不是净通量,重视沉降通量和沉积物再悬浮与再沉积的研究;应根据研究目的选择恰当的时空尺度;应重视内源磷负荷对湖泊初级生产力影响的研究。Phosphorus(P)is a key limiting element for primary productivity in lakes.Sediment P release is an important endogenous source of P in lake waters,especially in lakes where exogenous P input is effectively controlled.Quantifying endogenous P fluxes in lakes is of great practical significance for scientific formulation of lake eutrophication management strategies.This paper reviewed the existing methods for quantitative estimation of endogenous P fluxes in lakes,i.e.,in situ observation using benthic chambers,sediment core incubation method,pore water concentration profile estimation method,mass balance method,isotope mass balance method and empirical formula method.The principles,operations,advantages and disadvantages,and applicability of these methods were analyzed.In addition,the differences between gross and net fluxes of endogenous P,the importance of temporal and spatial scales,and the differences between deeply stratified and shallowly stratified lakes were discussed.Finally,some specific suggestions were made to enhance the study of endogenous P fluxes in lakes and their environmental significance:1)in order to correctly assess the contribution of endogenous load to P in lake waters,emphasis should be placed on gross fluxes rather than net flues,on sedimentation fluxes,and on sediment resuspension and re-sedimentation;2)appropriate spatial and temporal scales,including long-term scales(such as interannual),short-term scales(days),large scales(the whole lake)and small scales(the sediment-water interface)should be comprehensively considered and selected according to the purpose of research;3)more studies should be conducted to determine how endogenous P loading affects the primary productivity of lakes,quantify endogenous P loading within the short-term scale,and scientifically assess the impact of endogenous P loading and its coupling to the nitrogen cycle as it relates to algal recruitment and algal blooms.

关 键 词：沉积物磷释放通量 定量方法 总通量 净通量 时空尺度 

分 类 号：P595[天文地球—地球化学]