延安地区黄土挖方边坡冲蚀演化研究  

Erosion Evolution of Loess Excavated Slope in Yan'an Area

作　　者：许锐[1] 王广璐 隋国晨 李寻昌[1] 杨威[1] XU Rui;WANG Guanglu;SUI Guochen;LI Xunchang;YANG Wei(Chang'an University,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]长安大学,西安710054

出　　处：《铁道工程学报》2023年第7期1-8,共8页Journal of Railway Engineering Society

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2022JM-280);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41572261);机械工业勘察设计研究院有限公司科技研发基金项目(11740903120220021);长庆油田黄土边坡治理设计关键技术研究项目(2023DJ0701)。

摘　　要：研究目的:为研究黄土挖方边坡冲蚀演化过程及其规律,为复合型生态防护提供可靠依据,本文基于对延安地区黄土边坡冲蚀演化的长期观测调查,进行坡面冲蚀形态测量、冲蚀量统计,并利用颗粒流模型,分析降雨、植被等主要因素与黄土挖方边坡冲蚀破坏演化过程间的耦合互馈关系。研究结论:(1)黄土挖方边坡坡面冲蚀演化有明显的阶段性,即表层侵蚀阶段、细沟阶段、坑槽阶段和冲沟阶段;(2)黄土边坡冲蚀演化各阶段既有各自阶段明显的特征,又相互制约和影响,总体呈加速扩展的趋势;(3)降雨与冲蚀量具有显著正相关性,是影响黄土边坡冲蚀破坏的关键因素,且延安地区黄土边坡冲蚀破坏和水土流失问题具有典型的季节性;(4)植被能有效改善土体的抗冲蚀性能,在边坡冲蚀演化各阶段,特别是在冲蚀演化初期,能有效减少冲蚀量;(5)本研究成果可为西北黄土边坡生态防护技术提供指导。Research purposes:In order to study the erosion evolution process and law of loess excavated slope and provide a reliable basis for compound ecological protection,based on the long-term observation survey of loess slope in Yan'an area,the erosion evolution law of excavated loess slope is presented,through the measurement of slope erosion morphology,and the statistics of erosion amount.On this basis,the reciprocal relationship between rainfall,vegetation and erosion failure evolution of loess slope is analyzed by the particle flow model.Research conclusions:(1)The erosion evolution of loess slope has distinct stages,which includes:surface erosion stage,rill erosion stage,pit trough stage and gully stage.(2)Each stage of erosion evolution of loess slope not only has obvious characteristics of its own stage,but also restrains and influences each other,and generally shows a trend of accelerating expansion.(3)There is a significant positive correlation between rainfall and erosion,which is the key factor affecting the erosion failure of loess slope.The erosion failure of loess slope in Yan'an area has typical seasonal characteristics.(4)Vegetation can effectively improve the anti-erosion performance of soil,and can effectively reduce the erosion amount in each stage of slope erosion evolution,especially in the initial stage of erosion evolution.(5)The research results can provide guidance of loess slope ecological protection technology in northwest China.

关 键 词：黄土边坡 冲蚀演化 颗粒流模型 生态护坡 

分 类 号：TU45[建筑科学—岩土工程]