基于共享单车大数据的骑行生活圈识别及其活动网络模式分析  

Identification of Cycling Activity Circles and Analysis of Their Network Patterns Basedon Shared-Bicycle Big Data

作　　者：刘冰[1] 王舸洋 朱俊宇 鹿明 曹娟娟 张涵双 LIU Bing;WANG Geyang;ZHu Junyu;LIU Ming;CAo Juanjuan;ZHANG Hanshuang

机构地区：[1]同济大学城市规划系、自然资源部国土空间智能规划技术重点实验室 [2]上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司 [3]上海城乡建设和交通发展研究院 [4]同济大学城市规划系

出　　处：《城市规划学刊》2023年第4期32-40,共9页Urban Planning Forum

基　　金：国家自然科学基金课题“基于客流均衡视角的轨道TOD走廊空间模式及其优化策略研究”(项目编号:52178052)、“多尺度建成环境下的公共自行车使用特征、行为机制”(项目编号:51378360);长三角城市群智能规划协同创新中心、上海同济城市规划设计研究院有限公司科研课题(项目编号:KY-2020-YB-A04、KY-2020-PT-A01、KY-2020-PT-A02)。

摘　　要：骑行生活圈是城市空间活动体系的基本构成单元,但对其活动模式的认识仍不充分。基于共享单车大数据的骑行生活圈识别及其网络模式分析方法,能够充分揭示实际的骑行活动规律,拓展现有以步行为主的生活圈知识体系。基于原始租还位置数据生成虚拟租赁点,得到租赁点间OD联系;采用鲁汶社区发现算法识别出上海市域范围内致密型、紧凑型和松散型等3类骑行簇群,并深入分析中心城区的骑行簇群分异特征及其原因;选取四平路街道为案例,通过租赁点功能类型划分及其空间联系来刻画街道层面骑行生活圈的活动网络模式。研究发现其范围约为步行生活圈的3—4倍,其活动网络具有“5—10—15”分钟分级嵌套结构,在日常生活和就近通勤活动组织中具有基础性作用。建议将骑行生活圈纳入地方国土空间规划并与步行生活圈联动发展,着力于融合多模式打造“15分钟城市”、推进“骑行友好型”TOD建设和完善社区精细化治理。The cycling activity circle is a fundamental spatial unit of city life.However,there is insufficient understanding of the activity patterns within these circles.Drawn from shared-bike big data,this study identifies cycling activity circles and analyzes their network patterns,helping shed light on cycling features and broaden our knowledge of urban activities beyond pedestrian travel.Firstly,virtual rental points are generated based on rental and return locations.Additionally,OD links between all the rental points are obtained.Secondly,Louvain community detection method is used to identify cycling clusters within Shanghai Municipality,which are further categorized as dense,compact,and loose types.The spatial variations of cycling clusters in the Central City and the underlying factors are further analyzed.Thirdly,Siping Subdistrict is used as an example to illustrate the patterns of cycling activity network at the subdistrict level according to the link distribution between various functional types of rental points.It is found that the size of a cycling activity circle is approximately 3-4 times that of a pedestrian activity unit,showing a hierarchical nested structure for 5-,10-,and 15-minute activities.This structure is fundamental to organizing daily life and commuting to nearby areas.Finally,the paper recommends that the cycling activity circle be incorporated into municipal-level spatial planning,and the development of cycling and pedestrian activity circles be integrated.Furthermore,the paper advocates for building the"15-minute city"through multi-modal transport integration,"cycling-friendly"TOD development,and the implementation of more refined community governance measures.

关 键 词：共享单车 骑行生活圈 活动网络模式 社区发现 上海市 

分 类 号：TU984[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]