克里斯提尼改革新探  

A New Study of the Reform of Cleisthenes

作　　者：孙仁朋 Sun Renpeng

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学社会历史学院,福建福州350117

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2023年第8期53-63,共11页History Teaching

摘　　要：克里斯提尼改革是古代雅典政制史上的里程碑事件,这场改革确立了由部落、三一区、德摩斯组成的新行政区划和五百人议事会等新政治机构。但是,这次政治体制转型并非彻底的破旧立新,不应过分强调其“革命性”。在以往研究中,许多学者未充分关注改革中旧有社会组织的延续及其意义。通过深入挖掘文献和铭文史料,可看出这场改革具有革新性和“保守性”双重特征。一方面,从基层组织视角可更充分地认识改革的革新性及其意义;另一方面,胞族、氏族等旧有社会组织延续下来,既与德摩斯相配合共同服务于新政制,让更多公民参与城邦政治,也保留了贵族的传统利益,为改革的推行减小了阻力。此后,雅典政制转为贵族与民众“共治”格局,走上公民平等参与城邦治理的民主政治发展轨道。The reform of Cleisthenes stands as a milestone event in the political history of ancient Athens,having established new administrative divisions consisting of tribes,trttyes,and demes,as well as novel political in-stitutions like the Council of Five Hundred.However,this transformation was not a complete rupture from the past,and its revolutionary nature should not be excessively emphasized.Scholars have yet to fully appreciate the continuity and role of pre-existing organizations after the reform.By delving deeper into literary and epi-graphic sources,it becomes apparent that this reform possessed a dual nature of innovation and"conserva-tism".On one hand,an examination from a grass-roots perspective allows for a more comprehensive under-standing of the reform's innovativeness and its significance.On the other hand,traditional social structures such as phratry and genos persisted,collaborating with the demes to serve the new political system,encour-aging broader citizen participation in politics while preserving the interests of the aristocracy,thereby reduc-ing resistance to the reform.Subsequently,the political system shifted towards a pattern of"co-governance'between the aristocracy and the common people,progressing towards a trajectory of democratic development,where citizens participated in politics equally.

关 键 词：克里斯提尼 德摩斯 胞族 氏族 雅典 

分 类 号：K12[历史地理—历史学]