功能变迁视角下农村宅基地管理制度研究——基于对常州市武进区的实地调查  

Management System of Rural Housing Land from the Perspective of Functional Changes:A Field Survey of Wujin District,Changzhou City

作　　者：高强 周丽 GAO Qiang;ZHOU Li(College of Economics and Management,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing Jiangsu 210037)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学经济管理学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《经济纵横》2023年第8期80-89,F0002,共11页Economic Review Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“历史性跨越:从脱贫攻坚到乡村振兴”(编号:21FJYB053)的成果。

摘　　要：农村宅基地制度是中国特色农村土地制度的重要组成部分,也是集体所有制在农村的重要体现。当前,我国宅基地管理利用中出现了闲置浪费、隐形流转和超标占用等土地资源低效配置问题,其核心在于宅基地管理制度未能适应宅基地功能分化的趋势。因此,创新宅基地管理制度成为宅基地制度改革面临的重要任务。本文基于功能变迁视角,通过对宅基地管理制度和功能变迁的历史回顾,明确了宅基地退出机制不畅与社会保障功能长期不变、宅基地分配制度与居住保障功能弱化及宅基地使用制度与经济财产功能强化之间的矛盾与冲突。结合江苏武进的实地调研,归纳总结宅基地管理利用的基层实践,并进一步分析了宅基地在农村发展中发挥的社会稳定功能、生活功能、生产功能和生态功能。顺应宅基地功能变迁趋势,强调宅基地管理应由原来重福利性保障转向多元复合利用,并提出了完善宅基地管理制度的相关政策建议。The rural housing land system is a key component of the rural land system with Chinese characteristics and embodies the collective ownership of rural areas.Inefficient land allocation problems such as unoccupation,invisible transfer,and excessive occupation occur in the current management and use of rural housing land in China.These problems are rooted in the failure of the management system to adapt to the functional changes of rural housing land.Therefore,innovating the management system of rural housing land has become a primary task in the reform of the rural housing land system.By reviewing the management system and functional changes of rural housing land,this study pointed out that contradictions existed between the ineffective exit mechanism and the long-term unchanged social security function,between the allocation system and the weakening housing security function,and between the use system and the enhancing economic property.Furthermore,a field survey was conducted in Wujin district,Changzhou city,Jiangsu province to summarize the grassroots practices of rural housing land management and analyze the stabilizing,living,production,and ecological roles of housing land in rural development.According to the results,this study suggested that the focus of rural housing land management should transit from welfare protection to diversified and composite utilization with consideration to the functional changes and put forward relevant policy suggestions to improve the management system.

关 键 词：宅基地管理制度 功能变迁 武进实践 乡村振兴 

分 类 号：F321[经济管理—产业经济]