势力范围秩序变动与日本的“‘满蒙’优越地位说”(1905—1922)  

Change of the Sphere of Influence Order and Japan's"Theory of Superior Status of Manchuria and Mongolia"(1905-1922)

作　　者：林晓萍 LIN Xiao-ping(Department of History,Peking University,Beijing,100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学历史学系,北京100871

出　　处：《史学集刊》2023年第6期123-135,共13页Collected Papers of History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“‘二十一条’与近代中日关系研究”(18AZS013)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：19世纪末列强开始在华构筑势力范围,并形成了以划分势力范围为重要特征的势力范围秩序。日俄战争之后,日本开始在中国东北等地区扩张,并形成了一套“‘满蒙’优越地位说”,为其侵略行为制造理论依据。由于在华盛顿会议之前,列强普遍认可在华构筑势力范围的行为,故而日本将自己在东北等地的扩张行为解释为势力范围扩张,以图获得列强的承认。起初,日本通过与英国、俄国和法国达成协约的形式,获得了列强对其在华势力范围的认可。而在“二十一条”交涉、巴黎和会、新四国借款团成立,以及华盛顿会议之后,日本在华构筑势力范围逐渐违法化。日本便脱离势力范围秩序这一解释框架,转而从其他角度论述自己与“满蒙”所谓的特殊关系,继续构建新的“‘满蒙’优越地位说”。At the end of 19th century,the powers began to build spheres of influence in China,and formed an order of spheres of influence characterized by dividing spheres of influence among them.After the Russo-Japanese War,Japan began to expand in Northeast China and other regions.A set of"theory of superior status of Manchuria and Mongolia"has been formed in Japan to rationalize its aggression.Before the Washington Conference,the powers generally recognized the behavior of building spheres of influence in China.Therefore,Japan tried to interpret its expansion in Northeast China and other regions as an expansion of sphere of influence in order to gain recognition from the great powers.Initially,Japan obtained recognition of its sphere of influence in China by signing treaties with Britain,Russia,and France.After the"Twenty-one demands"negotiations,the Paris Peace Conference,the formation of new lending group,and the Washington Conference,the establishment of spheres of influence in China gradually became illegal.Japan broke away from the explanatory framework of the sphere of influence order,and turned to other perspectives to discuss the so-called special relationship between itself and"Manchu and Mongolia",and continued to construct a new"theory of superiority of Manchu and Mongolia".

关 键 词：势力范围 “满蒙”优越地位 华盛顿会议 

分 类 号：D829.313[政治法律—政治学]