《武威汉代医简》“骆苏”为古西域外来词说  

The Expression“Luo Su”in Wuwei Han Dynasty Medical Bamboo Slips Being Regarded as A Loanword from the Ancient Western Regions

作　　者：曾玉洪 Zeng Yuhong(School of Foreign Languages and Literature,Chengdu,610041,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学汉语言文献研究所,重庆400715

出　　处：《民族学刊》2023年第5期112-117,130,共7页Journal of Ethnology

摘　　要：成书于东汉以前的《武威汉代医简》(或称《武威医简》《凉州汉代医简》),1972年11月出土于甘肃武威旱滩坡,它和长沙马王堆汉墓帛书《五十二病方》一样,都是迄今出土较为完整、原始且丰富的汉代中医中药学文献,“是一份很珍贵的医疗记录数据”。在《武威汉代医简》药方中有一味中药名“骆苏”,甘肃省博物馆、武威市文化馆整理小组释为“骆苏(酥)”。迄今为止,学界对整理小组的释文并无异议,但对“骆苏(酥)”一词的解释则出现了三种不同的结论。第一:“骆酥”说。整理小组注云:“文中‘骆苏’即‘骆酥’,用骆驼乳制成的酥。”第二:“酪苏”说。袁仁智、肖卫琼说:“骆苏,《医简》注:即骆酥,用骆驼乳制成的酥。”第三:“茄子”说。张标先生说,“在古书中‘骆’单说指‘马’,不是骆驼;骆驼单说‘驼’,不说‘骆’”。综上所述,《武威汉代医简》中的药名“骆苏”,历经十多位学者的精心考证最终形成三家说。或曰“用骆驼乳制成的酥”,或曰“用牛、羊、马等乳炼成的食品”,或曰吴方言茄子的别称。今考“骆苏”当为古西域(乌孙、匈奴等国)的外来词。Written before the Eastern Han Dynasty,Wuwei Han Dynasty Medical Bamboo Slips,(or Wuwei Medical Bamboo Slips,Liangzhou Han Dynasty Medical Bamboo Slips),was unearthed in November 1972 from the Wuwei Dry Beach Slope,Gansu.Together with Changsha Mawangdui Han Tomb Palindrome Fifty-Two Disease Prescription,it was regarded as the relatively most complete,primitive and rich unearthed Chinese herbal medicine piece of literature of the Han Dynasty so far,which is a very precious medical record data.Among medical prescriptions,there is a Chinese medicine named“Luo Su”(骆苏)in Wuwei Medical Bamboo Slips.For the interpretation of the term“Luo Su”,there appear three different conclusions in the scholarly community:Firstly,the term may mean“camel crisp”(骆酥).According to an annotation of the collation team of the Gansu Provincial Museum and the Wuwei Municipal Culture Center,“Luo Su”(骆苏)is a“camel crisp”(骆酥),i.e.a kind of crisp made from camel milk.This interpretation has been accepted by most scholars.Other academics such as Lv Youqiang even believe that“Luo Su”(骆苏)can be understood as“camel yogurt or camel milk wine”,and presumably was imported from the Kazak region of Xinjiang.Secondly,there is the interpretation of“Lao Su”(酪苏).Yuan Renzhi and Xiao Weijiong believe that“Luo Su”(骆酥)is not a crisp made from camel milk,but should be“Lao Su”(酪苏):This is a kind of food refined with the milk of cattle,sheep,horses,and other livestock,and can also be used as a medicine to heal wounds.Thirdly,there is the conclusion of“eggplants”.Zhang Biao proposed that:In ancient books,the single Chinese character“luo”(骆)was used to refer to a horse while the word“tuo”(驼)was used alone to make reference to“camel”.He therefore stated that“Luo Su”骆苏possibly was“Luo Su”(落苏)which is an alias of eggplants.To sum up,as for the meaning of the term“Luo Su”in Wuwei Han Dynasty Medical Bamboo Slips,three different opinions have been developed afte

关 键 词：骆苏、骆酥 马酒、湩酒 外来词 药名考释 出土医简 

分 类 号：C957[社会学—民族学]