电气绝缘用非线性电导材料研究进展  

Research Progress of Nonlinear Conductive Materials for Electrical Insulation

作　　者：孟兆通 张天栋 张昌海 迟庆国[1] Meng Zhaotong;Zhang Tiandong;Zhang Changhai;Chi Qingguo(School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Harbin University of Science and Technology,Harbin 150080 China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨理工大学电气与电子工程学院,哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2023年第21期5691-5711,共21页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51977050);黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(ZD2020E009)资助。

摘　　要：具有非线性电导特性的聚合物材料被广泛应用于解决电场集中问题,例如用来实现电缆附件绝缘、高压旋转电机定子绝缘及大功率绝缘栅双极晶体管等部件的电应力控制等。该文从几何应力控制及非线性应力控制两方面介绍了电气元器件应用中均化电场的方式,详细地介绍了氧化锌与碳化硅等无机导电颗粒的非线性电导特性及其聚合物基复合材料的非线性电导形成机制。基于渗流理论及界面传导等理论阐述了掺杂填料含量对非线性电导特性的影响规律,以掺杂填料接触电阻大小、接触界面数目、晶界数量等方面为切入点,总结了填料形貌、尺寸对非线性电导复合材料载流子传输的影响机制。介绍了多维度填料共掺及填料表面改性在非线性电导材料领域的应用及性能调控机制,并且概括了非线性电导材料在高压应用中调控电场的研究成果。文中也指出改性复合材料往往具有复杂的结构,在很多情况下有应用限制,且载流子的传输机制尚未统一,仍需进行更深入的研究。The electric field control of insulating devices for high-voltage systems has been widely concerned,and engineering efforts are devoted to achieving the lowest possible electric field strength at a fixed system voltage,and to achieve as uniform electric field distribution as possible.Polymer materials with nonlinear conductance properties are widely used to solve the problem of electric field concentration,for example,to achieve electrical stress control of components such as cable accessory insulation,high-voltage rotating electrical machine stator system insulation,and high-power insulated gate bipolar transistors.In this paper,the method of homogenizing electric field in the application of electrical devices is introduced from two aspects of geometric stress control and nonlinear stress control. The nonlinear conductivity characteristics of inorganic fillers such as zinc oxide and silicon carbide and the formation mechanism of nonlinear conductivity of polymer matrix composites are introduced in detail. Based on the theory of percolation and interfacial conduction, the effect of doped filler content on nonlinear electrical conductivity was expounded. Taking the contact resistance of doped fillers, the number of contact interfaces, and the number of grain boundaries as the starting point, the influence mechanism of filler morphology and size on the carrier transport of nonlinear conductive composites was summarized. The application and performance control mechanism of multi-dimensional filler co-mixing and filler surface modification in the field of nonlinear conductivity materials are introduced, and the research results of nonlinear conductivity materials in high-pressure applications are summarized. It is also pointed out that the modified composite materials have complex structures and limited application in many cases, and the carrier transport mechanism has not been unified yet, so further research is still needed. The main conclusion of this paper is that the filler content in the composite has a certain

关 键 词：非线性电导 均化电场 无机填料 聚合物绝缘 

分 类 号：TM215[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]