高速涡轮泵多部件耦合转子系统动力行为  

Dynamic behavior of multi-component coupling rotor system in high-speed turbopumps

作　　者：张国渊[1] 廉佳汝 赵伟刚[2] 梁茂檀 赵洋洋 ZHANG Guoyuan;LIAN Jiaru;ZHAO Weigang;LIANG Maotan;ZHAO Yangyang(School of Electromechanical Engineering,Xidian University,Xi'an 710071,China;Xi'an Aerospace Propulsion Institute,Xi'an 710100,China)

机构地区：[1]西安电子科技大学机电工程学院,陕西西安710071 [2]西安航天动力研究所,陕西西安710100

出　　处：《火箭推进》2023年第5期46-58,共13页Journal of Rocket Propulsion

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52075407,51575418);陕西省自然科学基金(2019JM-034)。

摘　　要：液体火箭发动机高速涡轮泵系统包含多道浮环密封、轴端机械密封、滚动轴承等微小间隙约束的摩擦学基础部件,间隙内流体与多部件的相互耦合作用效应会导致转子系统动力行为的演变,其机理研究成为整机朝着更高性能与极端化方向(高速、高压、低温/高温等)发展的理论指导基础。首先,构建了考虑流体膜厚方程、动态雷诺方程、介质属性方程以及支撑单元力平衡方程的机械密封热弹流模型和浮环密封动态性能分析模型;其次,耦合各摩擦学单元动态性能模型,发展了包含机械密封、浮环密封、滚动轴承、涡轮泵转子等多功能部件耦合的整机转子系统的动力特性分析模型;最后,采用数值方法实现了对上述多个模型的求解,获得了典型工况条件下的涡轮泵系统动力学行为演变规律。结果表明组合密封导致系统对临界特性影响较小,能导致瞬态响应增加和失稳转速降低。The high-speed turbopump in cryogenic liquid rocket engines is composed of some important tribological basic components constrained by small gaps,such as multistage floating-ring seals,shaft end mechanical seal,rolling bearings,etc.The inter-coupling of fluids in gaps and multiple solid components has an effect on the dynamic behavior of the whole rotor system.Therefore,the study on the mechanism of dynamic behavior evolution has become the theoretical basis for the development of the whole rotor system towards higher performance and more extreme conditions(high-speed,high-pressure,low/high-temperature).Firstly,considering the fluid film thickness equation,dynamic Reynolds equation,lubricant property equation and force balance equation of the support spring element,the thermoelastic flow model of the mechanical seal and the dynamic performance analysis model of the floating-ring seal are constructed.Secondly,by coupling the above models for tribological components,a dynamic model for the rotor system of the high-speed turbopump containing the mechanical seal,floating-ring seal,and rolling bearings are developed.Finally,a numerical method for the above dynamic model is proposed,and the evolution mechanism of the dynamic behavior of the turbopump system under typical working conditions is discussed.The results show that the combined floating-ring seals have little effect on critical characteristics and lead to an increase in the transient response of the system and a decrease in unstable speed.

关 键 词：多部件耦合 转子动力学 浮环密封 机械密封 稳定性 

分 类 号：V231.96[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程] TH113[机械工程—机械设计及理论]