中华蜜蜂种群遗传分化与环境适应机制研究进展  

Research progress of the population genetic differentiation and environmental adaptation mechanisms in Apis cerana cerana(Hymenoptera:Apidae)

作　　者：陈兵 骆家宇 CHEN Bing;LUO Jia-Yu(School of Life Sciences,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学生命科学学院,保定071002

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2023年第9期1258-1270,共13页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31872304)。

摘　　要：中华蜜蜂Apis cerana cerana是我国十分关键和重要的传粉媒介昆虫,在不同栖息地中广泛分布,表现出飞行敏捷、采蜜期长和适应性强等优点。但近些年中华蜜蜂正面临前所未有的种群多样性下降,为保护这些特定的中华蜜蜂种群的遗传资源,研究人员基于几何形态学、分子生物学和基因组学等技术手段对中华蜜蜂遗传分化和环境适应机制进行了研究,而在我国这些多样化的中华蜜蜂种群为揭示其种群适应性进化规律提供了绝佳材料。本文从中华蜜蜂种群遗传分化与环境变化的相关性、形态变异与环境适应、环境适应性生理和行为改变及这些表型变化的遗传机制4个方面综述了相关研究进展。研究发现,物理屏障和生态环境的变化,特别是海拔和纬度相关环境变化是造成中华蜜蜂种群分化的主要原因。气候因子中,温度、氧气、辐射和湿度等对中华蜜蜂环境适应性的形态发育和生理生态特征产生重要影响。形态特征的变化主要体现在体型大小和体色上,代谢生理和行为改变是其环境适应的重要策略。基于现代基因组学和分子生物学技术的种群遗传学和种群基因组学研究发现,与社会分工行为、学习感知行为、信息感知、生长发育、温度适应和代谢等相关的基因或通路受到自然选择作用,这为中华蜜蜂适应不同栖息地以及蜂种演化提供了分子证据,但应对不同环境因子的分子进化机制有待进一步研究和明确。本文对中华蜜蜂遗传分化和环境适应机制的研究综述,加深了我们对古老蜂种进化历史和遗传多样性的理解,同时为后续深入研究社会性昆虫对不同环境的适应性机制和制定有效的保护策略奠定基础。Apis cerana cerana is a critical and important pollinator in China.This bee species has a wide distribution in various habitats,and exhibits several advantages as pollinator,e.g.,agility in flight,long nectar gathering period and strong adaptability.However,in recent years,A.c.cerana has been facing an unprecedented decline in population diversity.In order to protect the genetic resources of these specific populations,researchers studied the physiology and mechanism of genetic differentiation and environmental adaptation in A.c.cerana based on geometric morphology,molecular biology and genomics technologies.Meanwhile,the diverse populations of A.c.cerana in China provided rich materials for analyzing their adaptive evolution.In this article,we summarized the research progress from the four aspects:The correlation between population genetic differentiation and environmental changes,the morphological variation and environmental adaptation,the enviroment-adaptive physiological and behavioral changes,and the genetic mechanisms behind these phenotypic changes of A.c.cerana populations.Previous studies showed that changes in physical barriers and ecological environment,especially those related to altitude and latitude,were the main reasons for the differentiation of A.c.cerana populations.Among the climatic factors,temperature,oxygen,radiation and humidity had important effects on the morphological development and eco-physiological traits of A.c.cerana.The morphological changes were mainly explained by variation in body size and color.Changes in metabolic physiology and behaviors have been evolved as a crucial adaption strategy.Population genetics and genomics based on modern genomics and molecular biology techniques showed that genes and pathways related to social division of labor,learning and perceiving behavior,information perception,growth and development,thermal adaptation and metabolism are subject to natural selection.These findings provide molecular evidence for the ability of A.c.cerana to adapt to different

关 键 词：中华蜜蜂 遗传分化 环境适应 生理代谢 遗传机制 气候因子 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]